Turning point p.295
The result of next week’s crucial UK referendum on whether or not to remain in the European Union will have worldwide repercussions.doi: 10.1038/534295a
Volume 534 Issue 7607
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 유도만능 줄기세포의 과거, 현재, 그리고 미래
단백질 합성에 의해서 조절되는 줄기세포 기능과 스트레스 반응
P53과 c-MYC에 대한 듀얼 타깃을 통한 골수성 백혈병 줄기세포 제거
67P/츄르모프-게라시멘코 혜성에서 확인된 이열 편 핵의 재구조화 가능성
비-마르코프 프로세스에 대한 최초의 주요 특성 분석
내인성 강자성 스위칭 현상
다능성 줄기세포 및 생식 세포 발달에 있어서 동시에 관여하는 CBFA2T2 수용체
섬유아세포에서 신경 세포로의 직접 재프로그램화와 관련된 신호 전달 경로
전신 RNA 전달을 통한 항암 면역 치료법
3′-UTR 손상에 의한 PD-L1 반응성 확인을 위한 진단 가능성
컨텐츠
Editorials
Under the sea p.296
If life in the oceans is to be preserved, people must get to know the wonders of the deep.doi: 10.1038/534296a
Nature distilled p.296
We need your views on an experiment to convey the latest research in digestible form.doi: 10.1038/534296b
News
Stem cells for Snoopy: pet medicines spark a biotech boom p.303
Firms chase a new breed of advanced veterinary care, from antibodies to cell therapies.doi: 10.1038/534303a
France launches massive meteor-spotting network p.304
Tracking space rocks that reach Earth will give insight into the early Solar System.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20070
Promising gene therapies pose million-dollar conundrum p.305
Economists, investors and medical insurers can’t figure out how to pay for cutting-edge drugs.doi: 10.1038/534305a
Boon or burden: what has the EU ever done for science? p.307
More than 500 million people and 28 nations make up the European Union. It will lose one of its richest, most populous members, if the United Kingdom votes to leave on 23 June. Ahead of a possible ‘Brexit’, Nature examines five core ways that the EU shapes the course of research.doi: 10.1038/534307a
News Features
How iPS cells changed the world p.310
Induced pluripotent stem cells were supposed to herald a medical revolution. But ten years after their discovery, they are transforming biological research instead.doi: 10.1038/534310a
Can you teach old drugs new tricks? p.314
Faced with skyrocketing costs for developing new drugs, researchers are looking at ways to repurpose older ones — and even some that failed in initial trials.doi: 10.1038/534314a
News & Views
The language of flowers p.328
The complete DNA sequences of the two wild parents of the garden petunia provide valuable genetic insights into this model plant, and will improve the optimization of other crop plants for agriculture.doi: 10.1038/nature18445
Cancer vaccine triggers antiviral-type defences p.329
An immunotherapy approach targets nanoparticles to dendritic cells of the immune system, leading to an antitumour immune response with antiviral-like features. Initial clinical tests of this approach show promise. See Letter p.396doi: 10.1038/nature18443
Predictions of pinning p.331
A multiscale model has been implemented that provides accurate predictions of the behaviour of ferroelectric materials in electric fields, and might aid efforts to design devices such as sensors and digital memory. See Letter p.360doi: 10.1038/534331a
Brain versus brawn p.332
The mechanisms that underlie enforced transitions between mature cell lineages are poorly understood. Profiling single skin cells that are induced to become neurons reveals that, unexpectedly, they often become muscle. See Letter p.391doi: 10.1038/nature18444
Articles
Stem cell function and stress response are controlled by protein synthesis p.335
The protein translation rate is low in tissue stem cells and tumour-initiating cells, and genetically preventing cytosine-5 methylation on transfer RNA in skin tumours is shown to favour the maintenance of a state of translational inhibition in mice, with tumour-initiating cells in this state becoming more sensitive to cytotoxic stress.doi: 10.1038/nature18282
Dual targeting of p53 and c-MYC selectively eliminates leukaemic stem cells p.341
Leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for BCR–ABL-driven chronic myeloid leukaemia relapse; here, p53 and MYC signalling networks are shown to regulate LSCs concurrently, and targeting both these pathways has a synergistic effect in managing the disease.doi: 10.1038/nature18288
TRPV1 structures in nanodiscs reveal mechanisms of ligand and lipid action p.347
Cryo-electron microscopy has undergone a resolution revolution—here, this method has been combined with lipid nanodisc technology to solve structures of TRPV1, the receptor for capsaicin, in a membrane bilayer, revealing mechanisms of lipid and ligand regulation.doi: 10.1038/nature17964
Letters
Fission and reconfiguration of bilobate comets as revealed by 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko p.352
A modelling study of the bilobate nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko reveals that it has spun much faster in the past, but that its chaotically changing spin rate has so far prevented it from splitting; eventually the two lobes will separate, but they will be unable to escape each other and will ultimately merge again—a situation that seems to be common among cometary nuclei.doi: 10.1038/nature17670
Mean first-passage times of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement p.356
An analytical method of determining the mean first-passage time (the time taken by a random walker in confinement to reach a target point) is presented for a Gaussian non-Markovian random walker, thus revealing the importance of memory effects in first-passage statistics.doi: 10.1038/nature18272
Intrinsic ferroelectric switching from first principles p.360
Molecular dynamics simulations of 90° domain walls in PbTiO3 are used to construct a nucleation-and-growth-based analytical model that quantifies the dynamics of many types of domain walls in various ferroelectrics, suggesting intrinsic domain-wall motion as a universal mechanism for ferroelectric switching.doi: 10.1038/nature18286
Self-assembly of microcapsules via colloidal bond hybridization and anisotropy p.364
The self-assembly of colloidal particles into hollow micrometre-scale capsules is achieved through the combination of anisotropic particle morphology, deformable surface ligands that re-distribute on binding and the mutual attraction between particles, suggesting a design strategy for colloidal self-assemblydoi: 10.1038/nature17956
Concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution with 19F− and 18F− p.369
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is widely used by organic chemists to functionalize aromatic molecules, and it is the most commonly used method to generate arenes that contain
doi: 10.1038/nature17667
Seafloor geodetic constraints on interplate coupling of the Nankai Trough megathrust zone p.374
Seafloor geodetic data from the Nankai Trough, off southwestern Japan, show that most offshore sites in this earthquake-prone region have high slip-deficit rates, revealing previously unknown locations that could be important for the mitigation of future earthquake- and tsunami-associated disasters.doi: 10.1038/nature17632
Neural correlates of single-vessel haemodynamic responses in vivo p.378
Functional imaging techniques use changes in blood flow to infer neural activity, but how strongly the two are correlated is a subject of debate; here, vascular and neural responses to a range of visual stimuli are imaged in cat and rat primary visual cortex, revealing that vascular signals are partially decoupled from local neural signals.doi: 10.1038/nature17965
Towards clinical application of pronuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disease p.383
Preclinical evaluation and optimization of mitochondrial replacement therapy reveals that a modified form of pronuclear transfer is likely to give rise to normal pregnancies with a reduced risk of mitochondrial DNA disease, but may need further modification to eradicate the disease in all cases.doi: 10.1038/nature18303
Co-repressor CBFA2T2 regulates pluripotency and germline development p.387
A co-repressor protein, CBFA2T2, oligomerizes to stabilize its binding partner PRDM14 and the pluripotency factor OCT4 on chromatin, thus facilitating the transcriptional landscape underpinning the germline and pluripotent fate.doi: 10.1038/nature18004
Dissecting direct reprogramming from fibroblast to neuron using single-cell RNA-seq p.391
The transcriptome changes driving the conversion of fibroblasts to neurons at the single-cell level are reported, revealing that early neuronal reprogramming steps are homogenous, driven by the proneural pioneer factor Ascl1; the expression of myogenic genes then has a dampening effect on efficiency, which needs to be counteracted by the neuronal factors Myt1l and Brn2 for more efficient reprogramming.doi: 10.1038/nature18323
Systemic RNA delivery to dendritic cells exploits antiviral defence for cancer immunotherapy p.396
The development of a nanoparticle RNA vaccine is reported that preferentially targets dendritic cells after systemic administration, and is shown to provide durable interferon-α-dependent antigen-specific immunity in mouse tumour models; initial results in advanced melanoma patients indicate potential efficacy in humans.doi: 10.1038/nature18300
Aberrant PD-L1 expression through 3′-UTR disruption in multiple cancers p.402
Successful treatment of many patients with advanced cancer using antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1; also known as PDCD1) and its ligand (PD-L1; also known as CD274) has highlighted the critical importance of PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune escape in cancer development
doi: 10.1038/nature18294
Image-based detection and targeting of therapy resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma p.407
The stem cell determinant Musashi (Msi) is a key mediator of pancreatic cancer progression and therapy resistance.doi: 10.1038/nature17988
The bacterial DnaA-trio replication origin element specifies single-stranded DNA initiator binding p.412
The bacterial chromosome replication origin contains an indispensable element composed of a repeating trinucleotide motif, termed the DnaA-trio, that stabilizes DnaA binding on single-stranded DNA.doi: 10.1038/nature17962
Structural basis for amino acid export by DMT superfamily transporter YddG p.417
The X-ray structure of the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) protein YddG from Starkeya novella reveals a new membrane transport topology, with ten transmembrane segments in an outward-facing state and two pseudo-symmetric inverted structural repeats.doi: 10.1038/nature17991
