Siren call p.413
Now that gravitational waves have been discovered, it is time to put them to use.doi: 10.1038/531413b
Volume 531 Issue 7595
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 산업화 사회에서의 순환 경제 가능성
촉매 크로스-메타 합성을 통한 Z-알키닐 화합물 직접 합성
바이러스 커뮤니티에서 용균성 및 용원성 파아지 간 순환
P53과는 별개로 TP53 유전자 소실에 의해서 발생하는 암
은하계 중심부에서 페타일랙트로볼트 프로톤의 가속화
아프리카 사막에서 생성되는 먼지의 과거, 현재, 그리고 미래
후기 홍적세 네안데르탈인에 가까운 화석에 대한 DNA 염기서열 분석
면역 시스템과 폐 전이 암 간의 상호작용 시각화
비암호화 RNA SAMMSON에 의한 흑색종 활성화
장내 염증 질환을 조절하는 아미노산 센서 GCN2
컨텐츠
Editorials
Cultural conundrum p.413
The Chinese government’s professed commitment to transparency and responsiveness has had a rocky start. That bodes ill for the desire to attract the best science brains from around the world.doi: 10.1038/531413a
Power of the pen p.414
Scientists must unite to stop Turkey from removing the right to freedom of expression.doi: 10.1038/531414a
News
Massive network of robotic ocean probes gets smart upgrade p.421
Initiatives aim to measure global warming’s impact on high seas and deep currents.doi: 10.1038/531421a
Mobile-phone health apps deliver data bounty p.422
Smartphone programs allow researchers to recruit large numbers of participants and monitor them in real time.doi: 10.1038/531422a
What China’s latest five-year plan means for science p.424
Oceanography, brain science and stem cells among research fields that look set to grow.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19590
China’s carbon emissions could peak sooner than forecast p.425
Country's 13th Five-Year Plan advances a broad goal to phase down coal and expand renewable energy.doi: 10.1038/531425a
Scientists clash over lifespan of captive killer whales p.426
Two conflicting studies are at centre of row.doi: 10.1038/531426a
News Features
The black-hole collision that reshaped physics p.428
A momentous signal from space has confirmed decades of theorizing on black holes — and launched a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy.doi: 10.1038/531428a
The secret lives of jellyfish p.432
Long regarded as minor players in ocean ecology, jellyfish are actually important parts of the marine food web.doi: 10.1038/531432a
News & Views
Lost memories found p.450
Enhancing synaptic connections between neurons in the brain's hippocampus that are normally activated during memory formation rescues memory deficits in a mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease. See Letter p.508doi: 10.1038/nature17312
Dispersion explains declines p.451
Migratory birds are declining globally. A broad study of European migratory birds finds that species that disperse widely during the non-breeding season are less likely to be in decline than are species with more restricted dispersion.doi: 10.1038/531451a
No double bond left behind p.453
Alkenyl halides are some of the most useful building blocks for synthesizing small organic molecules. A catalyst has now allowed their direct preparation from widely available alkenes using the cross-metathesis reaction. See Article p.459doi: 10.1038/531453a
Viral strategies at sea p.454
The finding that marine environments with high levels of host microbes have fewer viruses per host than when host abundance is low challenges a theory on the relative roles of lysogenic and lytic viral-survival strategies. See Article p.466doi: 10.1038/nature17303
Signs of a wandering Moon p.455
The presence of ice at two positions on opposite sides of the Moon suggests that the satellite's orientation was once shifted away from its present spin axis — a finding that has implications for the Moon's volcanic history. See Letter p.480doi: 10.1038/531455a
Corruption corrupts p.456
A cross-cultural experiment involving thousands of people worldwide shows that the prevalence of rule violations in a society, such as tax evasion and fraudulent politics, is detrimental to individuals' intrinsic honesty. See Letter p.496doi: 10.1038/nature17307
Articles
Direct synthesis of Z-alkenyl halides through catalytic cross-metathesis p.459
One shortcoming of olefin metathesis has been that acyclic alkenyl halides could not be generated efficiently and stereoselectively; but now halo-substituted molybdenum alkylidene species are shown to be able to participate in high-yielding olefin metathesis reactions that afford acyclic 1,2-disubstituted Z-alkenyl halides.doi: 10.1038/nature17396
Lytic to temperate switching of viral communities p.466
An analysis of 24 coral reef viromes challenges the view that lytic phage are believed to predominate when the density of their hosts increase and shows instead that lysogeny is more important at high host densities; the authors also show that this model is consistent with predator–prey dynamics in a range of other ecosystems, such as animal-associated, sediment and soil systems.doi: 10.1038/nature17193
Deletions linked to TP53 loss drive cancer through p53-independent mechanisms p.471
The loss of the TP53 gene is often involved in the development of human cancer; here, the deletion of other genes in the vicinity is shown also to contribute to cancer progression in a mouse model.doi: 10.1038/nature17157
Letters
Acceleration of petaelectronvolt protons in the Galactic Centre p.476
Deep γ-ray observations of the Galactic Centre with arcminute angular resolution show traces of petaelectronvolt protons within the central ten parsecs of our Galaxy; the accelerator of these particles could have provided a substantial contribution to Galactic cosmic rays in the past.doi: 10.1038/nature17147
Lunar true polar wander inferred from polar hydrogen p.480
Polar hydrogen deposits on the Moon provide evidence that its spin axis has shifted; analysis of the locations of these deposits and of the lunar figure suggests that the shift occurred as a result of changes in the Moon’s moments of inertia caused by a low-density thermal anomaly beneath the Procellarum region.doi: 10.1038/nature17166
Modes of surface premelting in colloidal crystals composed of attractive particles p.485
Incomplete premelting at the edges of monolayer colloidal crystals is triggered by a bulk solid–solid phase transition and truncated by a mechanical instability that induces homogeneous bulk melting of the crystal; these observations challenge existing theories of two-dimensional melting.doi: 10.1038/nature16987
On-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edge topology p.489
Synthesis of atomically precise zigzag edges in graphene nanoribbons is demonstrated using a bottom-up strategy based on surface-assisted arrangement and reaction of precursor monomers; these nanoribbons have edge-localized states with large energy splittings.doi: 10.1038/nature17151
The past, present and future of African dust p.493
Variability in North African dust dispersal, which affects air quality and the amount of radiation reaching the ground, is captured by the wind patterns over the Sahara; climate models suggest a downward trend in dust concentration with increasing greenhouse gas emissions.doi: 10.1038/nature17149
Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies p.496
To test whether there is a relationship between the level of national corruption and the intrinsic honesty of individuals, a behavioural test of the honesty of people from 23 countries was conducted; the authors found that high national scores on an index of rule-breaking are linked with reduced personal honesty.doi: 10.1038/nature17160
Impact of meat and Lower Palaeolithic food processing techniques on chewing in humans p.500
The genus Homo had considerably smaller cheek teeth, chewing muscles and jaws than earlier hominins; here, the introduction of raw but processed meat, from which energy could more easily be extracted, is shown to have possibly been responsible for this change.doi: 10.1038/nature16990
Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins p.504
Nuclear DNA sequences from Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins show they were more closely related to Neanderthals than to Denisovans, and indicate a population divergence between Neanderthals and Denisovans that predates 430,000 years ago.doi: 10.1038/nature17405
Memory retrieval by activating engram cells in mouse models of early Alzheimer’s disease p.508
Experiments in transgenic mouse models of early Alzheimer’s disease show that the amnesia seen at this stage of the disease is probably caused by a problem with memory retrieval from the hippocampus rather than an encoding defect.doi: 10.1038/nature17172
Visualization of immediate immune responses to pioneer metastatic cells in the lung p.513
Tracing the fate of circulating tumour cells by intravital two-photon lung imaging shows that tumours produce microparticles as they arrive and these migrate along the lung vasculature and are mostly taken up by interstitial myeloid cells, in a process that contributes to metastatic seeding; a minor subset of microparticles is engulfed by conventional dendritic cells, which are thought to contribute to the initiation of an anti-tumour immune response in lung-draining lymph nodes.doi: 10.1038/nature16985
Melanoma addiction to the long non-coding RNA SAMMSON p.518
A known oncogene, MITF, resides in a region of chromosome 3 that is amplified in melanomas and associated with poor prognosis; now, a long non-coding RNA gene, SAMMSON, is shown to also lie in this region, to also act as a melanoma-specific survival oncogene, and to be a promising therapeutic target for anti-melanoma therapy.doi: 10.1038/nature17161
The amino acid sensor GCN2 controls gut inflammation by inhibiting inflammasome activation p.523
The GCN2 kinase is shown to have a protective role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation during amino acid starvation in a mouse model of colitis.doi: 10.1038/nature17186
PGC1α drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection p.528
The energetic burden of continuously concentrating solutes against gradients along the tubule may render the kidney especially vulnerable to ischaemia. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 3% of all hospitalized patients
doi: 10.1038/nature17184
Mycocerosic acid synthase exemplifies the architecture of reducing polyketide synthases p.533
A hybrid crystal structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis mycocerosic acid synthase, a multienzyme involved in the biosynthesis of mycobacterial branched-chain fatty acids, exemplifies the organization of fully-reducing polyketide synthases.doi: 10.1038/nature16993
