Metropolis now p.275
Growing urbanization is heralding a new era of science in the city.doi: 10.1038/531275b
Volume 531 Issue 7594
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 에볼라 바이러스를 억제하는 GS-5734 치료 효과 검증
표지 기사: 시간 되돌리기
갈륨 비소 나노와이어에서 일어나는 경계면 다이나믹스와 결정 위상 교환
시각 기능 회복을 위한 내인성 줄기 세포를 이용한 수정체 재생
셀룰로오스 생합성과 세포막 전이
후기 화성 진화 단계에서 형성된 타르시스 융기와 초기 화성 진화와의 연관성
분자 스핀 큐비트에서 원자 클락 트랜지션을 통한 결맞음 강화
B형 간염 바이러스에서 X 단백질과 Smc 5/6 복합체 상호 작용
염기서열 의존성 piRNA 결합을 통한 생식질 내 mRNA 트랩 현상
세균에서의 단백질 이동에 관여하는 SecY 단백질 전이 채널
컨텐츠
Editorials
Africa’s elite p.275
A new forum promises to bring deserved prestige to outstanding African researchers, and demonstrates the continent’s untapped potential.doi: 10.1038/531275a
Practical DNA p.276
The promise of DNA origami shows signs of coming to fruition a decade after its debut.doi: 10.1038/531276a
News
‘Brain doping’ may improve athletes’ performance p.283
Electrical stimulation seems to boost endurance in preliminary studies.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19534
What Google’s winning Go algorithm will do next p.284
AlphaGo’s techniques could have broad uses, but moving beyond games is a challenge.doi: 10.1038/531284a
Oldest ancient-human DNA details dawn of Neanderthals p.286
Sequence of 430,000-year-old DNA pushes back divergence of humans and Neanderthals.doi: 10.1038/531286a
Fermat's last theorem earns Andrew Wiles the Abel Prize p.287
Mathematician receives coveted award for solving three-century-old problem in number theory.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19552
Mars launch to test collaboration between Europe and Russia p.288
Joint ExoMars mission launches lander and orbiter — a rover is planned for 2018.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19547
NASA Mars woes could delay other planetary missions p.289
Plan to postpone launch of InSight probe will cost agency an extra US$150 million.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19549
News Features
On the hunt for a mystery planet p.290
Scientists are searching for an unseen world at the fringes of the solar system.doi: 10.1038/531290a
The red-hot debate about transmissible Alzheimer's p.294
A controversial study has suggested that the neurodegenerative disease might be transferred from one person to another. Now scientists are racing to find out whether that is true.doi: 10.1038/531294a
News & Views
How crystals get an edge p.308
Microscopy reveals how nanowires of a widely used semiconductor grow during preparation. The findings will allow the crystal phases of such nanowires to be engineered — a crucial advance for materials science. See Article p.317doi: 10.1038/531308a
Visionary stem-cell therapies p.309
Stem-cell engineering has allowed successful cornea transplantations in rabbits and the regeneration of transparent lens tissue in children, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this approach. See Article p.323 & Letter p.376doi: 10.1038/nature17305
China’s contribution to climate change p.310
Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel use in China have grown dramatically in the past few decades, yet it emerges that the country's relative contribution to global climate change has remained surprisingly constant. See Letter p.357doi: 10.1038/531310a
Swimmers by design p.312
Scientists have created soft microrobots whose body shapes can be controlled by structured light, and which self-propel by means of travelling-wave body deformations similar to those exhibited by swimming protozoa.doi: 10.1038/531312a
The X-Files of hepatitis B p.313
The HBx protein of hepatitis B virus has been found to co-opt a host-cell enzyme that targets the Smc5/6 protein complex for degradation. The finding identifies Smc5/6 as a cellular antiviral factor. See Letter p.386doi: 10.1038/531313a
Turning back time p.314
An in situ experiment finds that reducing the acidity of the seawater surrounding a natural coral reef significantly increases reef calcification, suggesting that ocean acidification may already be slowing coral growth. See Letter p.362doi: 10.1038/nature17302
Articles
Interface dynamics and crystal phase switching in GaAs nanowires p.317
Crystal phase switching between zinc-blende and wurtzite phases during the growth of gallium arsenide nanowires is observed experimentally, and explained via changes in the geometry of the catalytic droplet sitting on top of the growing nanowire.doi: 10.1038/nature17148
Lens regeneration using endogenous stem cells with gain of visual function p.323
A new procedure for cataract removal that preserves lens epithelial progenitor cells in mammals, which require Pax6 and Bmi1 for their self-renewal, achieves lens regeneration in rabbits, macaques and in infants with cataracts.doi: 10.1038/nature17181
Observing cellulose biosynthesis and membrane translocation in crystallo p.329
Here the authors use in crystallo enzymology to obtain structural snapshots of a complete cellulose biosynthesis cycle and reveal the mechanism by which the bacterial cellulose synthase BcsA–BcsB translocates the nascent cellulose polymer.doi: 10.1038/nature16966
Crystal structures of the M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors p.335
X-ray crystal structures of the M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, revealing differences in the orthosteric and allosteric binding sites that help to explain the subtype selectivity of drugs targeting this family of receptors.doi: 10.1038/nature17188
Letters
Positron annihilation signatures associated with the outburst of the microquasar V404 Cygni p.341
Observations of γ-ray emission from the microquasar V404 Cygni during a recent period of strong flaring activity show spectral features at around 511 kiloelectronvolts, which are clear signatures of variable positron annihilation, implying a high rate of positron production.doi: 10.1038/nature16978
Late Tharsis formation and implications for early Mars p.344
By calculating the rotational figure of Mars and its surface topography before the Tharsis volcanic region caused true polar wander, it is shown that Tharsis formed during the Noachian and Hesperian periods at about the same time as the valley networks; early Mars climate simulations suggest icy precipitation in a latitudinal band in the southern hemisphere.doi: 10.1038/nature17171
Enhancing coherence in molecular spin qubits via atomic clock transitions p.348
Magnetic molecules are candidates for solid-state spin qubits from which a quantum computer might be constructed, but the magnetic interactions between such molecules typically lead to unwanted decoherence; now magnetic molecules have been designed in such a way that their spin dynamics are energetically protected against the decoherence-inducing interactions.doi: 10.1038/nature16984
Three-dimensional control of the helical axis of a chiral nematic liquid crystal by light p.352
Chiral nematic liquid crystals are self-organized helical superstructures in which the helices can stand or lie, and lie in either a uniform or a random way; here, the helices are reversibly driven from a standing arrangement to a uniform lying arrangement and then rotated in-plane—solely by light.doi: 10.1038/nature17141
The contribution of China’s emissions to global climate forcing p.357
Using a global coupled biogeochemistry–climate model and a chemistry and transport model reveals that China’s present-day global radiative forcing is about ten per cent of the current global total, made up of both warming and cooling contributions; if in the future China reduces the cooling forcings, global warming could accelerate.doi: 10.1038/nature17165
Reversal of ocean acidification enhances net coral reef calcification p.362
A manipulative experiment in which a reef is alkalinized in situ shows that calcification rates are likely to be lower already than they were in pre-industrial times because of acidification.doi: 10.1038/nature17155
Vast assembly of vocal marine mammals from diverse species on fish spawning ground p.366
Vocalizations were recorded for over eight distinct whale species as they converged on a shoal of herring to feed; the predators divided the shoal into overlapping but species-specific foraging sectors and the activities of the whales changed between day and night.doi: 10.1038/nature16960
Sensory experience regulates cortical inhibition by inducing IGF1 in VIP neurons p.371
Igf1 is identified in mice as an experience-induced gene that functions cell-autonomously to increase inhibitory input onto a disinhibitory subtype of GABAergic neurons in the cortex, affecting the downstream excitation–inhibition balance within circuits that regulate visual acuity, and providing a novel example of experience modulating neural plasticity.doi: 10.1038/nature17187
Co-ordinated ocular development from human iPS cells and recovery of corneal function p.376
A protocol has been developed to use human induced pluripotent stem cells to obtain a self-formed ectodermal autonomous multizone, which includes distinct cell lineages of the eye, including the ocular surface ectoderm, lens, neuro-retina, and retinal pigment epithelium that can be expanded to form a functional corneal epithelium when transplanted to an animal model of corneal visual impairment.doi: 10.1038/nature17000
Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys p.381
The discovery is reported of a small molecule drug, GS-5734, which has antiviral activity against Ebola virus and other filoviruses, and is capable of providing post-exposure therapeutic protection against lethal disease in 100% of drug-treated nonhuman primates infected with Ebola virus; the drug targets viral RNA polymerase and can distribute to sanctuary sites (such as testes, eyes and brain), suggesting that it may be able to clear persistent virus infection.doi: 10.1038/nature17180
Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5/6 complex as a host restriction factor p.386
Hepatitis B virus X protein stimulates transcription from the viral DNA episome by hijacking the host ubiquitin machinery to target the Smc5/6 complex for degradation.doi: 10.1038/nature17170
Sequence-dependent but not sequence-specific piRNA adhesion traps mRNAs to the germ plasm p.390
Maternal mRNAs are tethered within the Drosophila germ plasm via base-pairing interactions between mRNAs and piRNPs containing the Aub Piwi protein; the preference for certain mRNAs to be tethered appears to be related to their longer length, which provides more potential piRNP-binding sites, and the results suggest a new role for piRNAs in germ-cell specification independent of their role in transposon silencing.doi: 10.1038/nature17150
Crystal structure of a substrate-engaged SecY protein-translocation channel p.395
The crystal structure of a substrate-engaged SecY channel and the SecA ATPase, which provides molecular insight into the process of protein translocation across membranes.doi: 10.1038/nature17163
