Food processing p.139
A recreation of how early humans managed to eat a diet of meat hundreds of thousands of years before they had fire to cook it with, shows an ingenious use of tools to cut down on chewing time.doi: 10.1038/531139a
Volume 531 Issue 7593
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 지놈 수정 기술인 CRISPR-Cas9의 안전성
정지 상태 및 수면 중에도 위치 정보를 수집하는 해마 신경 세포 네트워크
단백질 번역 품질관리에 관여하는 RQC 및 기능이상에 따른 단백질 얽힘과 단백질 독성 스트레스
A. Thaliana의 전압 개폐 TPC 1 채널의 결정 구조 분석
반복적으로 관찰된 FRB121102에서의 폭발 현상
마조람 현상에 대한 실제 사례 분석
이산화탄소를 이용한 푸란-2,5-디카르복실산 생성
분자 진화의 다이나믹스를 변화시킴으로써 생물체의 적응을 가속화시킨 유성 생식
도룡뇽의 재생 기전에 관여하는 MARCKS 유사 단백질
컨텐츠
Editorials
Who ordered that? p.139
An unexpected data signal that could change everything has particle physicists salivating.doi: 10.1038/531139b
Gene intelligence p.140
The risks and rewards of genome editing resonate beyond the clinic.doi: 10.1038/531140a
News
‘Open-hardware’ pioneers push for low-cost lab kit p.147
Conference aims to raise awareness of shared resources for building lab equipment.doi: 10.1038/531147a
How the US CRISPR patent probe will play out p.149
Decision could determine who profits from the gene-editing technique in future.doi: 10.1038/531149a
Chinese gravitational-wave hunt hits crunch time p.150
The pressure is on to choose between several proposals for space-based detectors.doi: 10.1038/531150a
Statisticians issue warning over misuse of P values p.151
Policy statement aims to halt missteps in the quest for certainty.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19503
Five million US seeds banked for resurrection experiment p.152
Project Baseline will monitor effects of climate change on plant evolution.doi: 10.1038/531152a
First Zika-linked birth defects detected in Colombia p.153
Cases may signal start of anticipated wave of birth defects in country hit hard by Zika virus.doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19502
News Features
CRISPR everywhere p.155
A special issue explores what it means to be living in an age of gene editing.doi: 10.1038/531155a
CRISPR: gene editing is just the beginning p.156
The real power of the biological tool lies in exploring how genomes work.doi: 10.1038/531156a
Welcome to the CRISPR zoo p.160
Birds and bees are just the beginning for a burgeoning technology.doi: 10.1038/531160a
News & Views
Sex accelerates adaptation p.176
An analysis confirms the long-standing theory that sex increases the rate of adaptive evolution by accelerating the speed at which beneficial mutations sweep through sexual, as opposed to asexual, populations. See Letter p.233doi: 10.1038/nature17304
Exponential boost for quantum information p.177
Quantum computers will one day wildly outperform conventional machines. An experimental feat reveals a fundamental property of exotic superconductors that brings this quantum technology a step closer. See Letter p.206doi: 10.1038/531177a
LURE is bait for multiple receptors p.178
In flowering plants, sperm-containing pollen tubes are guided towards ovules by attractants from the female reproductive organ. Receptors for the attractant molecule AtLURE1 have now been found. See Letters p.241 & p.245doi: 10.1038/531178a
Putting carbon dioxide to work p.180
Carbon dioxide is an abundant resource, but difficult for industry to use effectively. A simple reaction might allow it to be used to make commercial products more sustainably than with current processes. See Letter p.215doi: 10.1038/531180a
Vegetation's responses to climate variability p.181
Satellite data have allowed scientists to generate a quantitative model to assess the response rates of different ecosystems to climate variability. The index provides a tool for comparing regional sensitivity and resilience. See Letter p.229doi: 10.1038/nature17301
Regeneration switch is a gas p.182
Nitric oxide gas has now been found to act as a switch during developmental remodelling of axonal projections from neurons: high gas levels promote the degeneration of unwanted axons and low levels support subsequent regrowth.doi: 10.1038/nature17308
Articles
A hippocampal network for spatial coding during immobility and sleep p.185
In the mammalian navigational system, neurons have been identified in the CA2 region of the hippocampus that keep track of position when an animal is not moving.doi: 10.1038/nature17144
Failure of RQC machinery causes protein aggregation and proteotoxic stress p.191
Defects in the ribosome quality control (RQC) complex, which clears proteins that stalled during translation, can cause neurodegeneration; here it is shown that in RQC-defective cells a peptide tail added by the RQC subunit 2 to stalled polypeptides promotes their aggregation and the sequestration of chaperones in these aggregates, affecting normal protein quality control processes.doi: 10.1038/nature16973
Structure of the voltage-gated two-pore channel TPC1 from Arabidopsis thaliana p.196
The X-ray crystal structure of a two-pore channel from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the structure and the mechanism of voltage gating of this class of ubiquitous cation-selective ion channels.doi: 10.1038/nature16446
Letters
A repeating fast radio burst p.202
Observations of repeated fast radio bursts, having dispersion measures and sky positions consistent with those of FRB 121102, show that the signals do not originate in a single cataclysmic event and may come from a young, highly magnetized, extragalactic neutron star.doi: 10.1038/nature17168
Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands p.206
The splitting of zero-energy Majorana modes in a tunnel-coupled InAs nanowire with epitaxial aluminium is exponentially suppressed as the wire length is increased, resulting in protection of these modes; this result helps to establish the robust presence of Majorana modes and quantifies exponential protection in nanowire devices.doi: 10.1038/nature17162
Change of carrier density at the pseudogap critical point of a cuprate superconductor p.210
Low-temperature measurements of the Hall effect in cuprate materials in which superconductivity is suppressed by high magnetic fields show that the pseudogap is not related to the charge ordering that has been seen at intermediate doping levels, but is instead linked to the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator at low doping.doi: 10.1038/nature16983
Carbon dioxide utilization via carbonate-promoted C–H carboxylation p.215
Molten salts at intermediate temperatures enable efficient carbonate-promoted carboxylation of very weakly acidic C–H bonds, revealing a new way to transform inedible biomass and carbon dioxide into valuable feedstock chemicals.doi: 10.1038/nature17185
Palladium-catalysed transannular C–H functionalization of alicyclic amines p.220
An approach to selectively manipulate the C–H bonds of alicyclic amines at sites remote to nitrogen is demonstrated by the synthesis of new derivatives of several bioactive molecules, including varenicline, a drug used to treat nicotine addiction.doi: 10.1038/nature16957
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere p.225
The net balance of terrestrial biogenic greenhouse gases produced as a result of human activities and the climatic impact of this balance are uncertain; here the net cumulative impact of the three greenhouse gases, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide, on the planetary energy budget from 2001 to 2010 is a warming of the planet.doi: 10.1038/nature16946
Sensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability p.229
Using satellite data and a novel analytical approach, a new index of the sensitivity of vegetation to climate variability is developed, revealing areas of high sensitivity that include tundra, boreal forest, tropical forest and temperate grasslands.doi: 10.1038/nature16986
Sex speeds adaptation by altering the dynamics of molecular evolution p.233
In a comparison between replicate sexual and asexual populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sexual reproduction increases fitness by reducing clonal interference and alters the type of mutations that get fixed by natural selection.doi: 10.1038/nature17143
MARCKS-like protein is an initiating molecule in axolotl appendage regeneration p.237
The salamander, or axolotl, is well known to be able to regenerate missing body parts, but the signals that drive the initial proliferative response were unclear; now, a secreted protein has been identified that induces the initial cell cycle response after injury.doi: 10.1038/nature16974
A receptor heteromer mediates the male perception of female attractants in plants p.241
A male cell-surface receptor-like kinase that responds to the female chemoattractant LURE1 on the pollen tube of Arabidopsis thaliana is identified; LURE1 triggers dimerization of the receptor components and activation of the kinase activity, and the transformation of a component of the A. thaliana receptor to the Capsella rubella species partially breaks down the reproductive isolation barrier.doi: 10.1038/nature16975
Tip-localized receptors control pollen tube growth and LURE sensing in Arabidopsis p.245
Pollen-specific receptor-like kinase 6 (PRK6), which signals through the guanine nucleotide-exchange factors ROPGEFs, is required for sensing of the LURE1 attractant peptide in Arabidopsis thaliana, and functions together with other PRK family kinases; when introduced into the pollen tubes of the related species Capsella rubella, PRK6 could confer responsiveness to AtLURE1.doi: 10.1038/nature17413
MIMIVIRE is a defence system in mimivirus that confers resistance to virophage p.249
MIMIVIRE is a novel nucleic-acid-based immune system against virophage infection in the giant virus mimivirus.doi: 10.1038/nature17146
NAFLD causes selective CD4+ T lymphocyte loss and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis p.253
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a large proportion of the US population and is considered to be a metabolic predisposition to liver cancer
doi: 10.1038/nature16969
Structure, inhibition and regulation of two-pore channel TPC1 from Arabidopsis thaliana p.258
The X-ray crystal structure of a two-pore channel from Arabidopsis thaliana is reported, revealing the mechanisms of ion permeation, inhibition channel activation, and location of regulatory sites and voltage-sensing domains.doi: 10.1038/nature17194
