Let’s think about cognitive bias p.163
The human brain's abit of finding what it wants to find is a key problem for research. Establishing robust methods to avoid such bias will make results more reproducible.doi: 10.1038/526163a
Volume 526 Issue 7572
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 과학 실험의 재현성 입증에 대한 논란
말라리아 퇴치를 위한 캠페인 효과 분석
HIV-1의 복제를 억제하는 새로운 항 HIV-1 유전자 SERINC5
냉동 전자 현미경을 통해 밝혀진 글리신 수용체 작용 메커니즘
이온-질량 분광 광도계를 이용한 탄수화물 거울 이성질체 구조 분석
지구 고자기장 세기 변화를 통해 확인된 선캄브리아기 내핵 핵형성
모체의 건강 상태에 따른 자손 성비 구성 변화
대장암 억제에 영향을 주는 EGFR 길항제 작용 메커니즘에 대한 지놈 분석 결과
급성 골수성 백혈병을 억제하는데 관여하는 슈퍼 인헨서 관련 유전자
컨텐츠
Editorials
Optimistic outlook p.164
In difficult times, Turkey is investing in a clutch of new scientific research centres.doi: 10.1038/526164b
Time to get clean p.164
Formal recognition of drug pollution will help to protect humans and ecosystems.doi: 10.1038/526164a
News
Turkish biomed hub spurs hope amid political strife p.171
Centre in Izmir swims against the tide to produce world-class fundamental science.doi: 10.1038/526171a
CERN prepares to test revolutionary mini-accelerator p.173
Machines that ‘surf’ particles on electric fields could reach high energies at a lower price.doi: 10.1038/526173a
Anti-parasite drugs sweep Nobel prize in medicine 2015 p.174
Chinese pharmacologist Youyou Tu developed key antimalarial drug artemisinin.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18507
Morphing neutrinos win physics Nobel p.175
Demonstration by Takaaki Kajita and Arthur McDonald that neutrinos oscillate between identities showed that the particles have mass.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18513
NASA narrows its list of planetary targets p.176
Venus and asteroids take the spotlight as the agency chops list of Discovery-class candidates from 27 to 5.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18482
India unveils climate-change pledge ahead of global talks p.176
Country seeks big cuts in carbon intensity and greater reliance on clean energy.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18489
News Features
Shinichi Mochizuki and the impenetrable proof p.178
A Japanese mathematician claims to have solved one of the most important problems in his field. The trouble is, hardly anyone can work out whether he's right.doi: 10.1038/526178a
How scientists fool themselves – and how they can stop p.182
Humans are remarkably good at self-deception. But growing concern about reproducibility is driving many researchers to seek ways to fight their own worst instincts.doi: 10.1038/526182a
News & Views
Fifteen years of interventions p.198
A comprehensive modelling effort has revealed the relative contributions of different malaria-control measures to the massive reductions in disease prevalence that have occurred in Africa between 2000 and 2015. See Article p.207doi: 10.1038/526198a
Mediating transcription and RNA export p.199
The finding that the Mediator protein complex contributes to messenger RNA export from the nucleus in yeast adds to a growing list of roles for the complex in regulating transcriptional processes.doi: 10.1038/526199a
Individuality sniffed out in flies p.200
The discovery that certain neurons' odour responses differ between individual fruit flies, but are consistent across the hemispheres of each fly's brain, indicates that sensory processing depends on an individual's experience. See Letter p.258doi: 10.1038/nature15636
Antiviral action countered by Nef p.202
The HIV protein Nef is a viral 'Swiss army knife' with many functions. New work now shows how Nef increases infectivity — by inhibiting two of the host cell's antiviral proteins, SERINC3 and SERINC5. See Articles p.212 & p.218doi: 10.1038/nature15637
Quantum dots and the Kondo effect p.203
Nanotechnology studies explore the extreme properties of strongly interacting electronic systems through conductance measurements, and probe quantum phase transitions close to absolute zero temperature. See Letters p.233 & p.237doi: 10.1038/526203a
Surprisingly fast motions in a dust disk p.204
A recently commissioned planet-finding instrument has been used to study a young solar system around the star AU Microscopii, leading to the discovery of rapidly moving features in the dust disk around the star. See Letter p.230doi: 10.1038/526204a
Articles
The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015 p.207
In this study, the authors present an analysis of the malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2015, and quantify the effects of the interventions that have been implemented to combat the disease; they find that the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection has been reduced by 50% since 2000 and the incidence of clinical disease by 40%, and that interventions have averted approximately 663 million clinical cases since 2000, with insecticide-treated bed nets being the largest contributor.doi: 10.1038/nature15535
HIV-1 Nef promotes infection by excluding SERINC5 from virion incorporation p.212
The transmembrane protein SERINC5 is identified as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 particle infectivity that is counteracted by Nef; Nef redirects SERINC5 from the plasma membrane to a Rab7-positive endosomal compartment, thus excluding it from HIV-1 particles, emphasizing the potential of SERINC5 as a potent anti-retroviral factor.doi: 10.1038/nature15399
SERINC3 and SERINC5 restrict HIV-1 infectivity and are counteracted by Nef p.218
The transmembrane proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5 are identified as new restriction factors for HIV-1 replication; this restriction is counteracted by Nef and glycoGag, which prevent SERINC3 and SERINC5 from becoming incorporated into HIV-1 virions and from profoundly blocking HIV-1 infectivity, suggesting a potential new therapeutic strategy for immunodeficiency viruses.doi: 10.1038/nature15400
Glycine receptor mechanism elucidated by electron cryo-microscopy p.224
A high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy structure of the zebrafish α1 glycine receptor bound to agonists or antagonists reveals the conformational changes that take place when the channel transitions from closed to open state.doi: 10.1038/nature14853
Letters
Fast-moving features in the debris disk around AU Microscopii p.230
High-contrast imaging of the nearby, young, active late-type star AU Microscopii reveals five mysterious large-scale features in the southeast side of its debris disk, moving away from the star.doi: 10.1038/nature15705
Two-channel Kondo effect and renormalization flow with macroscopic quantum charge states p.233
Zero-temperature quantum phase transitions and their associated quantum critical points are believed to underpin the exotic finite-temperature behaviours of many strongly correlated electronic systems, but identifying the microscopic origins of these transitions can be challenging and controversial; Iftikhar et al. (see also the related paper by Keller et al.) show how such behaviours can be engineered into nanoelectronic quantum dots, which permit both precise experimental control of the quantum critical behaviour and its exact theoretical characterization.doi: 10.1038/nature15384
Universal Fermi liquid crossover and quantum criticality in a mesoscopic system p.237
Zero-temperature quantum phase transitions and their associated quantum critical points are believed to underpin the exotic finite-temperature behaviours of many strongly correlated electronic systems, but identifying the microscopic origins of these transitions can be challenging and controversial; Keller et al. (see also the related paper by Iftikhar et al.) show how such behaviours can be engineered into nanoelectronic quantum dots, which permit both precise experimental control of the quantum critical behaviour and its exact theoretical characterization.doi: 10.1038/nature15261
Identification of carbohydrate anomers using ion mobility–mass spectrometry p.241
The branched structure and stereoisomerism of carbohydrates make them difficult to analyse; here, ion mobility–mass spectrometry is used to distinguish unambiguously between synthetic trisaccharides that differ in connectivity or configuration.doi: 10.1038/nature15388
Palaeomagnetic field intensity variations suggest Mesoproterozoic inner-core nucleation p.245
Analysis of a database of Precambrian palaeomagnetic intensity measurements reveals a clear transition in the Earth’s magnetic field that is probably the signature of the inner core first forming, suggesting a modest value of core thermal conductivity and supporting a simple thermal evolution model for the Earth.doi: 10.1038/nature15523
Sex‐specific demography and generalization of the Trivers–Willard theory p.249
The Trivers–Willard theory
doi: 10.1038/nature14968
A novel locus of resistance to severe malaria in a region of ancient balancing selection p.253
A multi-centre genome-wide association study of severe malaria in African children uncovers a new resistance locus close to a cluster of genes encoding glycophorins, which are receptors used by the malaria-causing parasite to invade red blood cells.doi: 10.1038/nature15390
Plasticity-driven individualization of olfactory coding in mushroom body output neurons p.258
Neuronal representations of sensory stimuli tend to become sparse and decorrelated, with different odours giving rise to fewer neuronal spikes in rare neurons, as signal processing moves up to higher brain layers; here comprehensive recording from the Drosophila olfactory processing centre finds instead some highly correlated tuning curves that vary flexibly from animal to animal.doi: 10.1038/nature15396
The genomic landscape of response to EGFR blockade in colorectal cancer p.263
The effect of somatic genetic changes in colorectal cancer on sensitivity to anti-EGFR antibody therapy is analysed.doi: 10.1038/nature14969
Dilution of the cell cycle inhibitor Whi5 controls budding-yeast cell size p.268
Saccharomyces cerevisiae controls its cell size through the differential size-dependency of the synthesis of the cell cycle activator Cln3 relative to the cell cycle inhibitor Whi5.doi: 10.1038/nature14908
Mediator kinase inhibition further activates super-enhancer-associated genes in AML p.273
A small-molecule inhibitor of the Mediator-associated kinases CDK8 and CDK19 inhibits growth of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells and induces upregulation of super-enhancer-associated genes with tumour suppressor and lineage-controlling functions; Mediator kinase inhibition therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach for AML.doi: 10.1038/nature14904
Crystal structure of human glycine receptor-α3 bound to antagonist strychnine p.277
Neurotransmitter-gated ion channels of the Cys-loop receptor family are essential mediators of fast neurotransmission throughout the nervous system and are implicated in many neurological disorders. Available X-ray structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic Cys-loop receptors provide tremendous insights into the binding of agonists, the subsequent opening of the ion channel, and the mechanism of channel activation
doi: 10.1038/nature14972
