Heroism in Syria p.387
A tribute to scholars of extraordinary courage.doi: 10.1038/524387b
Volume 524 Issue 7566
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 나노 결정 초 격자에서의 도핑 가시화
진핵 세포 유전자의 내부 공생 기관 및 분화 소실 현상
지질 결합 다당류 플립파아제의 구조 및 활성 메커니즘
자가 장전된 플라즈마 웨이크필드에서 가속화된 양전자
아릴 브로마이드와 아릴 트리플레이트 간의 다중 메탈 촉매 작용을 통한 상호 결합
포유류 머리의 전구체에 해당하는 피낭동물의 원시 기원판 형태
서로 다른 움직임을 관찰할 수 있는 망막의 기능 부과
세포 주에서 HCV 배양을 가능하게 해준 SEC14L2 유전자
세포와 세포 간 상호작용을 통한 경쟁을 유발하는 c-Myc 유전자
컨텐츠
Editorials
FDA vulnerability revealed p.387
A politically charged advisory committee meeting may have tipped the scales in favour of a mildly effective female libido drug.doi: 10.1038/524387a
News
Hurricane Katrina’s psychological scars revealed p.395
Mental health worsened in the disaster’s aftermath, but survivors also showed resilience.doi: 10.1038/524395a
North Pacific ‘blob’ stirs up fisheries management p.396
Unusually warm ocean strengthens calls to consider ecosystem variables in setting catch limits.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18218
Minnesota bog study turns up the heat on peat p.397
Experiment boosts temperature and carbon dioxide to gauge global-warming response.doi: 10.1038/524397a
Biohackers gear up for genome editing p.398
Amateurs are ready and able to try the CRISPR technique for rewriting genes.doi: 10.1038/524398a
Ecologists embrace their urban side p.399
Climate change and the rise of cities have broadened what it means to study ecosystems.doi: 10.1038/524399a
News Features
How cities can beat the heat p.402
Rising temperatures are threatening urban areas, but efforts to cool them may not work as planned.doi: 10.1038/524402a
The new war on Lyme and other tick-borne diseases p.406
Scientists have no shortage of ideas about how to stop tick-borne illnesses. What is holding them back?doi: 10.1038/524406a
News & Views
Superlattice substitution p.418
What happens if some of the particles of a superlattice — an array of identical nanoscale crystals — are replaced with foreign ones? It emerges that the properties of superlattices can be radically altered in this way. See Letter p.450doi: 10.1038/524418a
Surviving import failure p.419
Two studies reveal that dysfunction in organelles called mitochondria causes the toxic accumulation of mitochondrial proteins in the cell's cytosolic fluid, and identify ways in which damage is mitigated. See Letters p.481 & p.485doi: 10.1038/nature14644
Lipid gymnastics p.420
Crystal structures of the bacterial protein PglK uncover structural features that suggest how the protein 'flips' lipid-bound oligosaccharide molecules from one side of the cell membrane to the other. See Article p.433doi: 10.1038/nature15202
Positrons ride the wave p.422
Experiments reveal that positrons — the antimatter equivalents of electrons — can be rapidly accelerated using a plasma wave. The findings pave the way to high-energy electron–positron particle colliders. See Letter p.442doi: 10.1038/524422a
Gene transfer in complex cells p.423
A comparative genomic study shows that, during evolution, nucleus-containing cells acquired DNA from bacteria primarily by endosymbiosis — the uptake and integration of one cell by another. See Article p.427doi: 10.1038/nature15205
A stable narrow-band X-ray laser p.424
An atomic laser operating at the shortest wavelength yet achieved has been created by bombarding a copper foil with two X-ray pulses tuned to slightly different energies. The results may lead to ultrastable X-ray lasers. See Letter p.446doi: 10.1038/524424a
Articles
Endosymbiotic origin and differential loss of eukaryotic genes p.427
Eukaryotes acquired their prokaryotic genes in two episodes of evolutionary influx corresponding to the origin of mitochondria and plastids, respectively, followed by extensive differential gene loss, uncovering a massive imprint of endosymbiosis in the nuclear genomes of complex cells.doi: 10.1038/nature14963
Structure and mechanism of an active lipid-linked oligosaccharide flippase p.433
doi: 10.1038/nature14953
Letters
The disruption of multiplanet systems through resonance with a binary orbit p.439
In a multiplanet system, when orbital precession is fast enough to resonate with the orbital motion of a distant binary companion, the results range from excitation of large planetary eccentricities and mutual inclinations to total disruption.doi: 10.1038/nature14873
Multi-gigaelectronvolt acceleration of positrons in a self-loaded plasma wakefield p.442
A particle accelerator that is two orders of magnitude more efficient than conventional radio-frequency accelerators is described in which positrons (rather than electrons) at the front of a bunch transfer their energy to a substantial number of positrons at the rear of the same bunch by exciting a wakefield in the plasma.doi: 10.1038/nature14890
Atomic inner-shell laser at 1.5-ångström wavelength pumped by an X-ray free-electron laser p.446
Since the invention of the first lasers in the visible-light region, research has aimed to produce short-wavelength lasers that generate coherent X-rays
doi: 10.1038/nature14894
Substitutional doping in nanocrystal superlattices p.450
Substitutional atomic doping is a process by which atomic defects are introduced into a host material, altering its properties; substitutional doping of cadmium selenide or lead selenide nanocrystal lattices with gold nanocrystals has now been achieved, the key being to ensure that the dopant nanocrystals are similar in size to the host nanocrystals.doi: 10.1038/nature14872
Multimetallic catalysed cross-coupling of aryl bromides with aryl triflates p.454
A new method for catalysing the cross-coupling of two different aryl electrophiles is described; the principle of this method, which involves cooperation between two metal catalysts that are selective towards different substrates, should be generally useful in catalysis.doi: 10.1038/nature14676
Western US intermountain seismicity caused by changes in upper mantle flow p.458
Results from mantle flow models reveal a relationship between seismicity away from the plate boundary in the western United States and the rate change of the vertical normal stress from mantle flow, showing that mantle flow plays an important part in shaping topography, tectonics and seismic hazard within such intraplate settings.doi: 10.1038/nature14867
The pre-vertebrate origins of neurogenic placodes p.462
A study showing that tunicates possess a proto-placodal ectoderm that produces neurons with dual neurosecretory and chemosensory function, which may represent the ancestral origin of placode-derived neurons in vertebrates.doi: 10.1038/nature14657
Sidekick 2 directs formation of a retinal circuit that detects differential motion p.466
The mouse retinal ganglion cell type known as the W3B-RGC, which detects motion of objects against a moving background, is shown to receive strong specific and excitatory input from amacrine cells expressing vesicular glutamine transporter 3; this selective connection is mediated by homophilic interactions of the recognition molecule sidekick 2 (Sdk2), which is expressed on both cells, and disruption of this connection affects object motion detection in W3B-RGCs.doi: 10.1038/nature14682
SEC14L2 enables pan-genotype HCV replication in cell culture p.471
Hepatitis C virus cannot replicate in cell culture unless it possesses adaptive mutations; here, expression of cellular factor SEC14L2 is shown to allow replication of diverse hepatitis C virus genotypes in several hepatoma cell lines by enhancing vitamin E-mediated protection against lipid peroxidation.doi: 10.1038/nature14899
Cell mixing induced by myc is required for competitive tissue invasion and destruction p.476
Live imaging of myc-driven competition in healthy Drosophila tissues shows that cells expressing higher levels of myc actively mix with the neighbouring cells, which increases the probability of eliminating neighbouring cells.doi: 10.1038/nature14684
A cytosolic network suppressing mitochondria-mediated proteostatic stress and cell death p.481
A new pathway of mitochondria-mediated cell death termed mitochondrial precursor over-accumulation stress (mPOS) is identified that could explain the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and misfolding of cytosolic proteins during ageing and disease; the pathway is triggered not only by mutations affecting the core protein import machineries, but also by conditions that interfere with mitochondrial inner membrane integrity and function, and a large network of genes that suppress mPOS in favour of cell survival is also identified.doi: 10.1038/nature14859
Mistargeted mitochondrial proteins activate a proteostatic response in the cytosol p.485
Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular protein homeostasis failure are hallmarks of many diseases and age-associated pathologies; this study shows that the mitochondrial import defect of nuclear-encoded proteins triggers a cellular pathway, termed unfolded protein response activated by mistargeting of proteins (UPRam), that acts to minimize the stress caused by non-imported mitochondrial precursor proteins in order to sustain cellular protein homeostasis and organismal fitness.doi: 10.1038/nature14951
Kinetochore-localized PP1–Sds22 couples chromosome segregation to polar relaxation p.489
A study of division in proliferating animal cells points to the existence of a kinetochore-based signalling pathway, independent of furrow formation, centrosomes and microtubules, that couples chromosome segregation to cell division.doi: 10.1038/nature14496
Structural basis for stop codon recognition in eukaryotes p.493
All eukaryotes utilize a single termination factor, eRF1, to halt translation when the ribosome encounters one of three possible stop codons; here electron cryo-microscopy structures of ribosome–eRF1 complexes in the process of recognizing each stop codon reveal how stop codons are discriminated from sense codons.doi: 10.1038/nature14896
Conformational dynamics of a class C G-protein-coupled receptor p.497
smFRET is used to probe the activation mechanism of two full-length mammalian glutamate receptors, revealing that the extracellular ligand-binding domains of these G-protein-coupled receptors interconvert between three confirmations (resting, activated and a short-lived intermediate state), and that the efficacy of an orthosteric agonist correlates with the degree of occupancy of the active state.doi: 10.1038/nature14679
