Timeless advice p.381
The best guidance on how to get ahead in science stands the test of time.doi: 10.1038/523381b
Volume 523 Issue 7561
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 골수 이식 시 세포의 정착을 도와주는 에폭시에이코사트리에노익산
이동 속도 측정에 관여하는 내측 내후각 피질 신경 세포
폴리팹타이드 처리 및 분비 전이 단백질인 ABC 트랜스포터의 결정 구조 분석
cis P-tau 및 타우 증후군을 차단시키는 항체를 이용한 신경 퇴행 방지
새로운 방식의 키랄 아민 화합물 합성법
원생대 산소화 과정이 제한되었음을 보여주고 있는 철 지질화학적 데이터 분석 결과
케너윅 맨의 조상 및 가계를 밝힌 DNA 분석 결과
이종접합체에서 더 많이 발생하는 돌연변이 비율
식물의 면역 반응 및 일주기성 시계를 조절하는 산화환원 반응
컨텐츠
Editorials
Prepare farms for the future p.381
Scientists must work closely with farmers to ensure that agriculture can stand up to the ravages of climate change.doi: 10.1038/523381a
It’s good to talk p.382
Help for those struggling to reproduce results could be just a phone call away.doi: 10.1038/523382a
News
Vibrant Pluto stuns scientists p.389
Mission seeking clues to early Solar System finds a world made anew.doi: 10.1038/523389a
US tailored-medicine project aims for ethnic balance p.391
Massive study seeks to succeed where others failed, but faces tight deadline and questions about strategy.doi: 10.1038/523391a
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence gets a $100-million boost p.392
Russian billionaire Yuri Milner announces most comprehensive hunt for alien life.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18016
French teenager healthy 12 years after ceasing HIV treatment p.393
Eighteen-year-old joins small group of patients who can control the virus after discontinuing drugs.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17951
UK shifts its space-science strategy p.394
Research surrounding human spaceflight is booming.doi: 10.1038/523394a
Iranian researchers welcome nuclear deal p.394
Lifted sanctions could boost international scientific collaboration.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17984
News Features
Quest for climate-proof farms p.396
Climate change is a major threat to food production, so researchers are working with farmers to make agriculture more resilient.doi: 10.1038/523396a
The weird and wonderful architecture of RNA p.398
Cells contain an ocean of twisting and turning RNA molecules. Now researchers are working out the structures — and how important they could be.doi: 10.1038/523398a
News & Views
Pathfinder for DNA constructs p.412
Representations of 3D surfaces used in computer graphics have been adopted as templates in an efficient method for making nanoscale objects from DNA, lowering the barriers to applications of DNA nanotechnology. See Letter p.441doi: 10.1038/523412a
CRISPR for Cryptosporidium p.413
Study of the diarrhoea-causing pathogen Cryptosporidium has been hindered by a lack of genetic-modification and culture tools. A description of genome editing and propagation methods for the parasite changes this picture. See Letter p.477doi: 10.1038/nature14636
Feedforward loop for diversity p.414
DNA-sequence analysis suggests that genetic mutations arise at elevated rates in genomes harbouring high levels of heterozygosity — the state in which the two copies of a genetic region contain sequence differences. See Letter p.463doi: 10.1038/nature14634
Machine learning for 3D microscopy p.416
Artificial neural networks have been combined with microscopy to visualize the 3D structure of biological cells. This could lead to solutions for difficult imaging problems, such as the multiple scattering of light.doi: 10.1038/523416a
Natural polarity inverted p.417
The concept of umpolung describes the reversal of the naturally occurring electrostatic polarization of chemical groups. It has now been used to make single mirror-image isomers of nitrogen-containing molecules. See Letter p.445doi: 10.1038/523417a
Articles
Speed cells in the medial entorhinal cortex p.419
On the basis of neural firing rates a specific class of neuron is identified in the medial entorhinal cortex that linearly encodes information on running speed in a context-independent manner and that is distinct from other functionally specific entorhinal neurons.doi: 10.1038/nature14622
Crystal structures of a polypeptide processing and secretion transporter p.425
Gram-positive bacteria use peptidase-containing ATP-binding cassette transporters (PCATs) to export quorum-sensing and antimicrobial polypeptides; here, the X-ray crystal structures of PCAT1 from Clostridium thermocellum in the absence and presence of ATP are reported.doi: 10.1038/nature14623
Antibody against early driver of neurodegeneration cis P-tau blocks brain injury and tauopathy p.431
Here the cis form of tau protein, which disrupts axonal microtubules and transport, spreads to other neurons, and leads to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, is found to be produced by neurons immediately after traumatic brain injury (TBI); treating TBI mice with cis antibody blocks early production of cis tau, prevents tauopathy and spread and restores brain structural and functional outcomes, and may be further developed to treat TBI and to prevent neurodegeneration after injury.doi: 10.1038/nature14658
Letters
Small-scale filament eruptions as the driver of X-ray jets in solar coronal holes p.437
A study of the formation of X-ray jets in solar coronal holes suggests that this process does not follow the popular ‘emerging-flux’ model, but instead results from a minifilament eruption akin to the larger-scale filament eruptions that drive larger solar flares and mass ejections.doi: 10.1038/nature14556
DNA rendering of polyhedral meshes at the nanoscale p.441
A general method of folding arbitrary polygonal digital meshes in DNA uses a routeing algorithm based on graph theory and a relaxation simulation that traces scaffold strands through the target structures to produce complex structures with an open conformation that are stable under biological assay conditions.doi: 10.1038/nature14586
Catalytic asymmetric umpolung reactions of imines p.445
Imines conventionally act as electrophiles towards carbon nucleophiles in the synthesis of amines, but the range of amines could be much extended if the carbon atom of the imine could be rendered electron-rich to allow it to act as a nucleophile toward a carbon electrophile; such a reaction can be promoted by new phase-transfer catalysts, leading to highly efficient asymmetric reactions of imines with enals.doi: 10.1038/nature14617
Statistical analysis of iron geochemical data suggests limited late Proterozoic oxygenation p.451
Iron-based proxies are used to track the redox chemistry of ancient oceans, but do not reveal the sharp oxygenation event in the late Proterozoic eon that is expected from previous evaluations of proxy records.doi: 10.1038/nature14589
The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man OPEN p.455
Kennewick Man, a 8,500-year-old male human skeleton discovered in Washington state, USA, has been the subject of scientific and legal controversy; here a DNA analysis shows that Kennewick Man is closer to modern Native Americans than to any other extant population worldwide.doi: 10.1038/nature14625
Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations p.459
Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders
doi: 10.1038/nature14618
Parent–progeny sequencing indicates higher mutation rates in heterozygotes p.463
Mutation rates vary within genomes; here, by calling mutation events directly using a parent–offspring sequencing strategy in Arabidopsis, replicated in the rice and honey bee genomes, mutation rates are found to be higher in heterozygotes and in proximity to crossover events.doi: 10.1038/nature14649
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids enhance embryonic haematopoiesis and adult marrow engraftment p.468
An in vivo imaging-based competitive transplant screen in zebrafish identifies epoxyeicosatrienoic acids as enhancers of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) engraftment; these derivatives of arachidonic acid also promote zebrafish developmental HSPC specification through a PI(3)K-dependent AP-1 and runx1 transcriptional program and their pro-engraftment effect is conserved in mammals (indicating clinical potential).doi: 10.1038/nature14569
Redox rhythm reinforces the circadian clock to gate immune response p.472
The master immune regulator NPR1 of Arabidopsis is a sensor of the plant’s redox state and regulates transcription of core circadian clock genes even in the absence of pathogen challenge.doi: 10.1038/nature14449
Genetic modification of the diarrhoeal pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum p.477
Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrhoeal disease in young children but until now it has been difficult to study; here, the parasite is genetically modified, paving the way for in-depth investigation and the development of effective treatments.doi: 10.1038/nature14651
Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases with altered PAM specificities p.481
CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases are widely used for genome editing, but the range of sequences that Cas9 can recognize is constrained by the need for a specific protospacer adjacent motif (PAM); here the commonly used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) is modified to recognize alternative PAM sequences, enabling robust editing of endogenous gene sites in zebrafish and human cells not currently targetable by wild-type SpCas9.doi: 10.1038/nature14592
Single-cell chromatin accessibility reveals principles of regulatory variation p.486
A single-cell method for probing genome-wide chromatin accessibility has been developed; the results provide insight into the relationship between cell-to-cell variation associated with specific trans-factors and cis-elements, as well insights into the relationship between chromatin accessibility and three-dimensional genome organization.doi: 10.1038/nature14590
