Communication breakdown p.5
A policy change that could discourage UK government scientists from talking to the media is a backwards step. All researchers need to speak up to put science on the political agenda.doi: 10.1038/520005a
Volume 520 Issue 7545
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 고민감성 NMR 유도성 나노 센서
지역적 토양 생물다양성에 영향을 주는 토지 사용의 글로벌 영향성 분석
심각한 자폐증에서 나타나는 델타 카테닌 기능 소실
종양 억제 과정에서 나타나는 p53 유전자의 새로운 기능으로 밝혀진 페로폽토시스
행성계 코어의 내부 이동을 방지하는 행성의 가열 현상
단일층 반도체 나노 결정 레이저
오스카티안과 유사한 두개골 뼈 형태를 가진 초기 데본기 그나소스톰
조절 팹타이드를 암호화하고 있는 마이크로 RNA 주요 전사체
In vitro 배양에 성공한 장내 SFB와 숙주 간의 상호작용
피부 표면 면역 조절에 관여하는 피부 서식 공생 세균
컨텐츠
Editorials
Tree cheers p.5
The world must follow Brazil’s lead and do more to protect and restore forests.doi: 10.1038/520005b
Walking 2.0 p.6
A passive device that augments calf muscles improves on natural selection’s best effort.doi: 10.1038/520006a
News
Neuron encyclopaedia fires up to reveal brain secrets p.13
But effort to catalogue brain’s building blocks may stoke disagreements over classification.doi: 10.1038/520013a
Global-warming limit of 2 °C hangs in the balance p.14
Panel creates scientific baseline for debate about climate reparations.doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17202
UK election: Upstart parties set out science plans p.16
What the rising influence of the Greens, UKIP and the Scottish National Party means for research policy.doi: 10.1038/520016a
Mini enzyme moves gene editing closer to the clinic p.18
Discovery expands potential CRISPR toolbox for treating genetic diseases in humans.doi: 10.1038/520018a
News Features
Battle for the Amazon p.20
Brazil has waged a successful war on tropical deforestation, and other countries are trying to follow its lead. But victory remains fragile.doi: 10.1038/520020a
Save blood, save lives p.24
Transfusions are one of the most overused treatments in modern medicine, at a cost of billions of dollars. Researchers are working out how to cut back.doi: 10.1038/520024a
News & Views
Two-atom bunching p.36
The Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, whereby two identical quantum particles launched into the two input ports of a 'beam-splitter' always bunch together in the same output port, has now been demonstrated for helium-4 atoms. See Letter p.66doi: 10.1038/520036a
A piece of the p53 puzzle p.37
An iron-dependent form of cell death called ferroptosis has been implicated as a component of the tumour-suppressor activity of p53, providing fresh insight into how this protein prevents cancer development. See Article p.57doi: 10.1038/nature14374
Land use matters p.38
A meta-analysis at a local scale reveals that land-use change has caused species richness to decline by approximately 8.1% on average globally, mainly as a result of large increases in croplands and pastures. See Article p.45doi: 10.1038/520038a
Preventing stars from eating their young p.40
Researchers have found a mechanism that prevents newly forming giant-planet cores from spiralling in towards their parent stars. The result may explain why planets such as Saturn and Jupiter are where they are today. See Letter p.63doi: 10.1038/520040a
Coding in non-coding RNAs p.41
The discovery of peptides encoded by what were thought to be non-coding – or 'junk' – regions of precursors to microRNA sequences reveals a new layer of gene regulation. These sequences may not be junk, after all. See Letter p.90doi: 10.1038/nature14378
Here be dragons p.42
doi: 10.1038/520042a
Articles
Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity p.45
Analysis of a global data set of local biodiversity comparisons reveals an average 13.6% reduction in species richness and 10.7% reduction in abundance as a result of past human land use, and projections based on these data under a business-as-usual land-use scenario predict further substantial loss this century, unless strong mitigation efforts are undertaken to reverse the effects.doi: 10.1038/nature14324
Loss of δ-catenin function in severe autism p.51
In severe autism, deleterious variants at conserved residues are enriched in patients arising from female-enriched multiplex families, enhancing the detection of key autism genes in modest numbers of cases.doi: 10.1038/nature14186
Ferroptosis as a p53-mediated activity during tumour suppression p.57
p53 suppresses expression of SLC7A11, a key component of the cystine/glutamate amino acid transport machinery, leading to inhibition of cystine uptake and promoting ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death.doi: 10.1038/nature14344
Letters
Planet heating prevents inward migration of planetary cores p.63
Modelling of planetary formation reveals that asymmetries in the temperature rise associated with accretion produce a torque that counteracts inward migration, suggesting how the conditions for giant-planet formation may arise.doi: 10.1038/nature14277
Atomic Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment p.66
The Hong–Ou–Mandel effect—in which two indistinguishable photons that enter a 50:50 beam-splitter are found only as a pair at one of the two outputs, leading to a dip in the coincidence rate of the detectors—is now realized with 4He atoms instead of photons; this opens the way to performing basic quantum-physics experiments with mechanical observables of massive particles.doi: 10.1038/nature14331
Monolayer semiconductor nanocavity lasers with ultralow thresholds p.69
A miniature laser is reported that uses two-dimensional tungsten diselenide as the active medium, which is placed on a photonic crystal membrane that acts as the laser cavity; the laser emits visible light, with an ultralow pump threshold.doi: 10.1038/nature14290
Shape-changing magnetic assemblies as high-sensitivity NMR-readable nanoprobes p.73
A shape-changing sensor made of pairs of magnetic disks spaced by swellable hydrogel material removes all need for optical access by operating in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) radio-frequency spectrum.doi: 10.1038/nature14294
Orbital-specific mapping of the ligand exchange dynamics of Fe(CO)5 in solution p.78
Mapping the frontier-orbital interactions with atom specificity using X-ray laser-based femtosecond-resolution spectroscopy reveals that spin crossover and ligation determine the sub-picosecond excited-state dynamics of a transition-metal complex in solution.doi: 10.1038/nature14296
Osteichthyan-like cranial conditions in an Early Devonian stem gnathostome p.82
A new analysis of a 415-million-year-old fossil fish head originally described as from an early osteichthyan (bony fish) puts it instead as the sister group of the gnathosomes (jawed vertebrates), and suggests that the extinct acanthodians were relatives of cartilaginous fishes.doi: 10.1038/nature14065
Evolution of the snake body form reveals homoplasy in amniote Hox gene function p.86
Traditionally, the vertebral column of snakes was thought to have lost regionalization; Hox regionalization is now shown to be maintained in snakes, suggesting that gradational vertebral column regionalization is primitive to amniotes.doi: 10.1038/nature14042
Primary transcripts of microRNAs encode regulatory peptides p.90
Plant primary microRNA (miRNA) transcripts (pri-miRNAs) are not just a source of miRNAs but can also encode regulatory peptides (miPEPs) that enhance the accumulation, and so the effect, of the corresponding mature miRNAs—an observation that may have agronomical applications.doi: 10.1038/nature14346
G-protein-independent coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 in hypothalamic neurons p.94
α-MSH and AgRP, two hypothalamus-derived peptides with opposing actions on the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), modulate neurons driving feeding behaviour; although previous downstream mechanisms of cellular modulation by these peptides have been determined, here α-MSH and AgRP are shown to regulate neural activity by coupling MC4R to Kir7.1 potassium channels and closing or opening them, respectively.doi: 10.1038/nature14051
Growth and host interaction of mouse segmented filamentous bacteria in vitro p.99
Development of a segmented filamentous bacteria and host cell co-culturing system that supports filamentation, segmentation, and differentiation to release viable infectious intracellular offspring.doi: 10.1038/nature14027
Commensal–dendritic-cell interaction specifies a unique protective skin immune signature p.104
Defined skin commensal bacteria elicit a dermal dendritic-cell-dependent, long-lasting, commensal-specific CD8+ T-cell response that promotes protection against pathogens while preserving tissue homeostasis.doi: 10.1038/nature14052
Recognition determinants of broadly neutralizing human antibodies against dengue viruses p.109
Human antibodies in complex with the soluble dimeric form of the dengue virus envelope protein E recognize a quaternary epitope and exhibit strong neutralizing activity against all four virus serotypes.doi: 10.1038/nature14130
Tel1ATM-mediated interference suppresses clustered meiotic double-strand-break formation p.114
Meiotic recombination is a critical step in gametogenesis for many organisms, enabling the creation of genetically diverse haploid gametes. In each meiotic cell, recombination is initiated by numerous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) created by Spo11, the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase-like protein
doi: 10.1038/nature13993
