When right beats might p.455
The final act in a long-running Italian saga should bring tighter controls on unproven stem-cell therapies, both at home and abroad.doi: 10.1038/518455a
Volume 518 Issue 7540
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 인간 수준의 조절이 가능한 딥 재강화 학습
전체 지놈 염기서열 분석을 통한 췌장 선암종 서브 타입 분석
지체 단편의 복제에 의해서 형성되는 지놈 돌연변이 랜드스케이프
척추동물의 V(D)J 재조합 단백질 복합체 RAG1-RAG2의 결정 구조 분석
적색편이 6.3에서 확인된 태양 질량 12억 배의 블랙홀을 동반한 초발광 퀘이사
화성 관측 아마추어 천문학자들에 의해서 확인된 초 고도 연기 기둥
줄기세포에 의한 in vivo 조혈 작용의 기초 특성 분석
난황낭에서 유래한 적혈구-골수 전발생 세포로부터 유래한 조직 내 대식 세포
치료 연관 급성 골수성 백혈병의 기원 및 발생과 연관된 TP53 돌연변이의 역할
컨텐츠
Editorials
A sore thing p.456
The use of technologies that objectively measure pain must be carefully monitored.doi: 10.1038/518456b
No strings p.456
Details of a climate-change sceptic’s links to the energy industry make worrying reading.doi: 10.1038/518456a
News
Wanted: 80,000 British babies for massive study p.463
UK launches effort to track children from birth, months after US counterpart closes.doi: 10.1038/518463a
Francis Crick Institute raises alarm about train line p.464
London biomedical powerhouse fears that proposed route will disrupt delicate science experiments.doi: 10.1038/518464a
Game-playing software holds lessons for neuroscience p.465
DeepMind computer provides new way to investigate how the brain works.doi: 10.1038/518465a
Researchers seek definition of head-trauma disorder p.466
Guidelines should assist in diagnosis of brain disease seen in retired American footballers.doi: 10.1038/518466a
A tale of two dwarf planets p.468
Graphical guide to the NASA missions that will provide the first close looks at Ceres and Pluto.doi: 10.1038/518468a
News Features
The Pluto siblings p.470
Leslie and Eliot Young have spent their lives studying Pluto. Now they are gearing up for the biggest event of their careers.doi: 10.1038/518470a
The painful truth p.474
Brain-scanning techniques promise to give an objective measure of whether someone is in pain, but researchers question whether they are reliable enough for the courtroom.doi: 10.1038/518474a
News & Views
Learning to see and act p.486
An artificial-intelligence system uses machine learning from massive training sets to teach itself to play 49 classic computer games, demonstrating that it can adapt to a variety of tasks. See Letter p.529doi: 10.1038/518486a
The benefits of traditional knowledge p.487
A study of two Balkan ethnic groups living in close proximity finds that traditional knowledge about local plant resources helps communities to cope with periods of famine, and can promote the conservation of biodiversity.doi: 10.1038/518487a
Chasing blood p.488
Many experiments have probed the mechanisms by which transplanted stem cells give rise to all the cell types of the blood, but it emerges that the process is different in unperturbed conditions. See Letter p.542doi: 10.1038/nature14203
A giant in the young Universe p.490
Astronomers have discovered an extremely massive black hole from a time when the Universe was less than 900 million years old. The result provides insight into the growth of black holes and galaxies in the young Universe. See Letter p.512doi: 10.1038/518490b
Teleportation for two p.491
The 'no-cloning' theorem of quantum mechanics forbids the perfect copying of properties of photons or electrons. But quantum teleportation allows their flawless transfer — now even for two properties simultaneously. See Letter p.516doi: 10.1038/518491a
RNA modification does a regulatory two-step p.492
The mdoi: 10.1038/518492a
Articles
Whole genomes redefine the mutational landscape of pancreatic cancer p.495
A whole-genome sequencing analysis of 100 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas has discovered known and newly identified genetic drivers of pancreatic cancer; these genetic alterations can be classified into four subtypes, which raises the possibility of improved targeting of clinical treatments.doi: 10.1038/nature14169
Lagging-strand replication shapes the mutational landscape of the genome p.502
The emRiboSeq sequencing method is used to track polymerase activity genome-wide in vivo; despite Okazaki fragment processing, DNA synthesized by error-prone polymerase-α (Pol-α) is retained in vivo and comprises ~1.5% of the genome, establishing Pol-α as an important source of genomic variability and providing a mechanism for site-specific variation in nucleotide substitution rates.doi: 10.1038/nature14183
Crystal structure of the V(D)J recombinase RAG1–RAG2 p.507
The crystal structure of the RAG1–RAG2 heterotetramer forms a Y-shaped structure, with each arm containing a RAG1–RAG2 heterodimer; the overall structure is reminiscent of hairpin-forming transposases, attesting to its evolutionary history as a specialized form of a transposition activity.doi: 10.1038/nature14174
Letters
An ultraluminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30 p.512
Observations of an ultraluminous quasar, SDSS J010013.02+280225.8, at redshift z = 6.30 show that the object has an optical and near-infrared luminosity a few times greater than those of previously known quasars at z > 6; the black hole that drives the quasar has a mass about 12 billion times that of the Sun.doi: 10.1038/nature14241
Quantum teleportation of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon p.516
The quantum teleportation of composite quantum states of a single photon encoded in both spin and orbital angular momentum is achieved, with a teleportation fidelity above the classical limit, by quantum non-demolition measurement assisted discrimination of the Bell states describing the entanglement of the two degrees of freedom.doi: 10.1038/nature14246
Dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions via tunable interfacial tensions p.520
The temperature-sensitive miscibility of hydrocarbon, silicone and fluorocarbon liquids is used to establish a one-step method of making three- and four-phase complex emulsions with highly controllable morphologies that can be alternated between encapsulated and Janus configurations by varying the balance of interfacial tensions.doi: 10.1038/nature14168
An extremely high-altitude plume seen at Mars’ morning terminator p.525
Examination of amateur observations of Mars shows atmospheric plumes 200 to 250 kilometres high that are observed in the morning but not in the evening over a period of more than a week; our current understanding of Martian atmospheric dynamics and plume formation cannot account for the creation of such enormous plumes.doi: 10.1038/nature14162
Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning p.529
An artificial agent is developed that learns to play a diverse range of classic Atari 2600 computer games directly from sensory experience, achieving a performance comparable to that of an expert human player; this work paves the way to building general-purpose learning algorithms that bridge the divide between perception and action.doi: 10.1038/nature14236
Evolution of the new vertebrate head by co-option of an ancient chordate skeletal tissue p.534
A tissue with many of the defining features of vertebrate cellular cartilage is shown to form transiently in larvae of the invertebrate chordate amphioxus, indicating that the origin of the vertebrate head skeleton depended not on evolution of a new skeletal tissue, as is commonly thought, but on the spread of this tissue throughout the head.doi: 10.1038/nature14000
Experimentally induced innovations lead to persistent culture via conformity in wild birds p.538
How socially transmitted behaviours spread and persist is shown in a wild animal population, revealing an effect of social conformity.doi: 10.1038/nature13998
Fundamental properties of unperturbed haematopoiesis from stem cells in vivo p.542
Inducible genetic labelling of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and linked mathematical modelling show that at least 30% of all HSCs are productive, and that adult haematopoiesis is largely sustained by ‘short-term’ downstream stem cells that operate near self-renewal in the steady state; HSC fate mapping provides a quantitative model for better understanding of HSC functions in health and disease.doi: 10.1038/nature14242
Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors p.547
To determine the origin of adult tissue-resident macrophages, a mouse lineage tracing study has revealed that these cells derive from erythro-myeloid progenitors in the yolk sac that are distinct from fetal and adult haematopoietic stem cells.doi: 10.1038/nature13989
Role of TP53 mutations in the origin and evolution of therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia p.552
Somatic TP53 mutations are highly prevalent in therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, which arise as complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy; although it was believed that these TP53 mutations are directly induced by cytotoxic therapy, new data indicate that they predate cytotoxic therapy and that haematopoietic progenitors harbouring these pre-existing mutations may selectively expand after exposure to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.doi: 10.1038/nature13968
Enhancer–core-promoter specificity separates developmental and housekeeping gene regulation p.556
Gene transcription in animals involves the assembly of RNA polymerase II at core promoters and its cell-type-specific activation by enhancers that can be located more distally
doi: 10.1038/nature13994
N6-methyladenosine-dependent RNA structural switches regulate RNA–protein interactions p.560
RNA-binding proteins control many aspects of cellular biology through binding single-stranded RNA binding motifs (RBMs)
doi: 10.1038/nature14234
