Save the museums p.311
Italy’s curators must band together to preserve their valuable collections.doi: 10.1038/515311b
Volume 515 Issue 7527
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 생쥐 지놈의 DNA 구성 요소에 대해 밝힌 ENCODE 컨소시엄 프로젝트
강착 디스크의 밝기에 비해 훨씬 더큰 상대성 제트류 에너지
겹겹이 쌓아 올린 산화물의 도메인 웰에서의 인공적인 화학 및 자기적 구조
높은 이동성 컨쥬게이트 폴리머의 무질서 프리 전송
헤테로사이클의 직접적인 C-H 기능화에서 촉매 파괴 단점 극복
대기 중 이산화탄소의 계절적 변화에 가장 큰 영향을 준 농업 녹색 혁명
열대지역 종 분화의 원인
정신 질환 환자의 iPS 세포를 이용한 시냅스 조절 불능 모델
비브리오 콜레라가 유발시킨 콜레라 질환 회복과정에서 필요한 장내 미생물총 내 특정 미생물
컨텐츠
Editorials
A global vision p.311
The International Council for Science needs to define its mission and show its members that it is worth their membership fees.doi: 10.1038/515311a
Data-access practices strengthened p.312
doi: 10.1038/515312a
News
Philae’s 64 hours of science p.319
Comet lander is now hibernating, but has already altered our understanding of these objects.doi: 10.1038/515319a
Crisis mappers find an ally p.321
Crowdsourced disaster surveys strive for more reliability in online collaboration.doi: 10.1038/515321a
Green List promotes conservation hotspots p.322
Project puts spotlight on protected reserves that boost biodiversity.doi: 10.1038/nature.2014.16350
‘Platinum’ genome shapes up p.323
Disease sites targeted in assembly of more-complete version of the human genome sequence.doi: 10.1038/515323a
Joint effort nabs next wave of US supercomputers p.324
National laboratories collaborate to purchase top-flight machines.doi: 10.1038/nature.2014.16347
News Features
Keeping the lights on p.326
Every year, the US government gives research institutions billions of dollars towards infrastructure and administrative support. A Nature investigation reveals who is benefiting most.doi: 10.1038/515326a
Far-flung physics p.330
The International Centre for Theoretical Physics was set up to seed science in the developing world; 100,000 researchers later, it is still growing.doi: 10.1038/515330a
News & Views
Mice in the ENCODE spotlight p.346
Following on from affiliated projects in humans and model invertebrates, the Mouse ENCODE Project presents comprehensive data sets on genome regulation in this key mammalian model. See Articles p.355, p.365, p.371 & Letter p.402doi: 10.1038/515346a
RNA made in its own mirror image p.347
An RNA enzyme has been generated that can assemble a mirror-image version of itself. The finding helps to answer a long-standing conundrum about how RNA molecules could have proliferated on prebiotic Earth. See Letter p.440doi: 10.1038/nature13935
Reactive walls p.348
Domain walls are natural borders in ferromagnetic, ferroelectric or ferroelastic materials. It seems that they can also be reactive areas that produce crystallographic phases never before observed in bulk materials. See Letter p.379doi: 10.1038/515348a
Succinate strikes p.350
The high levels of tissue-damaging reactive oxygen species that arise during a stroke or heart attack have been shown to be generated through the accumulation of the metabolic intermediate succinate. See Letter p.431doi: 10.1038/nature13941
Agriculture and the global carbon cycle p.351
Evolving agricultural practices dramatically increased crop production in the twentieth century. Two studies now find that this has altered the seasonal flux of atmospheric carbon dioxide. See Letters p.394 & p.398doi: 10.1038/515351a
Leaf veins share the time of day p.352
Techniques for isolating and analysing leaf cell types have now been developed, leading to the discovery that circadian clocks in the plant vasculature communicate with and regulate clocks in neighbouring cells. See Letter p.419doi: 10.1038/nature13936
Articles
A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome OPEN p.355
The Mouse ENCODE Consortium has mapped transcription, DNase I hypersensitivity, transcription factor binding, chromatin modifications and replication domains throughout the mouse genome in diverse cell and tissue types; these data were compared with those from human to confirm substantial conservation in the newly annotated potential functional sequences and to reveal pronounced divergence of other sequences involved in transcriptional regulation, chromatin state and higher order chromatin organization.doi: 10.1038/nature13992
Conservation of trans-acting circuitry during mammalian regulatory evolution OPEN p.365
Mouse genomic footprinting reveals conservation of transcription factor (TF) recognition repertoires and trans-regulatory circuitry despite massive turnover of DNA elements that contact TFs in vivo.doi: 10.1038/nature13972
Principles of regulatory information conservation between mouse and human OPEN p.371
As part of the mouse ENCODE project, genome-wide transcription factor (TF) occupancy repertoires and co-association patterns in mice and humans are studied; many aspects are conserved but the extent to which orthologous DNA segments are bound by TFs in mice and humans varies both among TFs and genomic location, and TF-occupied sequences whose occupancy is conserved tend to be pleiotropic and enriched for single nucleotide variants with known regulatory potential.doi: 10.1038/nature13985
Letters
The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion disks p.376
Blazars are quasars with a jet pointing towards Earth; analysis of archival observations of a sample of blazars reveals that jet power is larger than, and correlates with, the accretion luminosity, in agreement with numerical simulations.doi: 10.1038/nature13856
Artificial chemical and magnetic structure at the domain walls of an epitaxial oxide p.379
The strain induced on the walls between ferroelastic domains of a thin film of terbium manganite grown on a substrate of strontium titanate can generate an unusual two-dimensional ferromagnetic phase that is yet to be produced by conventional chemical means.doi: 10.1038/nature13918
Approaching disorder-free transport in high-mobility conjugated polymers p.384
Measurements and simulations of several high-mobility conjugated polymers show that their charge transport properties reflect an almost complete lack of disorder in the polymers, despite their amorphous microstructures, resulting from the resilience of the planar polymer backbone conformations to side-chain disorder.doi: 10.1038/nature13854
Overcoming the limitations of directed C–H functionalizations of heterocycles p.389
A robust and synthetically useful method is reported that overcomes the complications associated with performing C–H functionalization reactions on heterocycles; a reactive PdX2 (X = ArCONOMe) species is generated in situ, and is directed to the appropriate C–H bond by an N-methoxy amide group.doi: 10.1038/nature13885
Agricultural Green Revolution as a driver of increasing atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplitude p.394
The increase in amplitude of the atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle over the past fifty years can be attributed in part to the intensification of agriculture in the Northern Hemisphere.doi: 10.1038/nature13893
Direct human influence on atmospheric CO2 seasonality from increased cropland productivity p.398
Increases in agricultural productivity are shown, using production statistics and a carbon accounting model, to explain as much as a quarter of the observed increase in the seasonal amplitude of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle.doi: 10.1038/nature13957
Topologically associating domains are stable units of replication-timing regulation OPEN p.402
A study of DNA replication timing in mouse and human cells reveals that replication domains (domains of the genome which replicate at the same time) share a correlation with topologically associating domains; these results reconcile cell-type-specific sub-nuclear compartmentalization with developmentally stable chromosome domains and offer a unified model for large scale chromosome structure and function.doi: 10.1038/nature13986
The drivers of tropical speciation p.406
Diversification of Neotropical birds is not directly linked to the Andean uplift, the major landscape change of the Neogene period; instead, most diversification is post-Neogene and species diversity is dependent on how long lineages have persisted in the landscape and how easily they disperse.doi: 10.1038/nature13687
Individual improvements and selective mortality shape lifelong migratory performance p.410
A cross-sectional study of migrating raptors aged from 1 to 27 years old shows that migratory performance gradually improves with age and is driven both by selective mortality and individual improvement, with younger birds leaving progressively earlier as they age and becoming more proficient at coping with adverse environmental conditions, such as unfavourable winds.doi: 10.1038/nature13696
Synaptic dysregulation in a human iPS cell model of mental disorders p.414
Generation and neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from patients enables new ways to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of mental disorders; this approach was used with samples from a family with a schizophrenia pedigree and a DISC1 mutation, revealing synaptic abnormalities and large-scale transcriptional dysregulation.doi: 10.1038/nature13716
Tissue-specific clocks in Arabidopsis show asymmetric coupling p.419
A detailed analysis of Arabidopsis leaf tissues using two new versatile techniques reveals that within vasculature tissue circadian clocks have characteristics distinct from those in other tissues, and that the vasculature clocks affect circadian clock regulation in other tissues; indicating that plants, like mammals, have a dual clock system.doi: 10.1038/nature13919
Members of the human gut microbiota involved in recovery from Vibrio cholerae infection p.423
Recovery from cholera is characterized by a pattern of accumulation of bacterial taxa that shows similarities to the pattern of maturation of the gut microbiota in healthy children, raising the possibility that some of these taxa may be useful for ‘repair’ of the gut microbiota in individuals whose gut communities have been ‘wounded’ through a variety of insults.doi: 10.1038/nature13738
Structure of malaria invasion protein RH5 with erythrocyte basigin and blocking antibodies p.427
Reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5 (PfRH5) of Plasmodium falciparum, the malaria parasite, is known to be necessary for red blood cell invasion, making PfRH5 a promising vaccine candidate; here the X-ray crystallographic structure of PfRH5 in complex with basigin and with inhibitory antibodies is determined.doi: 10.1038/nature13715
Ischaemic accumulation of succinate controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial ROS p.431
A metabolomics study on the ischaemic heart identifies succinate as a metabolite that drives the production of reactive oxygen species and contributes to ischaemia-reperfusion injury; pharmacological inhibition of succinate accumulation ameliorates ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse model of heart attack and a rat model of stroke.doi: 10.1038/nature13909
Transcript-RNA-templated DNA recombination and repair p.436
Endogenous RNA transcripts are shown to mediate recombination with yeast chromosomal DNA; as the level of RNAs in the nucleus is quite high, these results may open up new understanding of the plasticity of repair and genome instability mechanisms.doi: 10.1038/nature13682
A cross-chiral RNA polymerase ribozyme p.440
Here, a cross-chiral RNA polymerase is developed—an RNA enzyme that can catalyse the templated polymerization of activated mononucleotides that are of the opposite handedness—shedding light on how RNA-based life could have emerged.doi: 10.1038/nature13900
Discovery and characterization of small molecules that target the GTPase Ral p.443
Using a structure-based approach, small molecule inhibitors that selectively target the GTPase Ral are identified and characterized; these first-generation inhibitors will be valuable tools for elucidating the Ral signalling pathway and constitute a step towards developing Ral-specific agents for cancer therapy.doi: 10.1038/nature13713
Structures of bacterial homologues of SWEET transporters in two distinct conformations p.448
The X-ray crystal structures of two bacterial homologues of the SWEET sugar transporters are solved in two conformational states, and comparison of these states suggests that transport occurs via a ‘rocker-switch’ mechanism.doi: 10.1038/nature13670
