Journals unite for reproducibility p.7
Consensus on reporting principles aims to improve biomedical research.doi: 10.1038/515007a
Volume 515 Issue 7525
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 플라즈마 항적장 가속기에서 전자 빔의 가속화 반응
단세포로부터 다세포가 어떻게 진화하였는가?
포유류 호흡 중추 주요 단백질인 복합체 1의 구조 분석 결과
은하계 중심으로부터 유래한 강력한 소용돌이에 의한 가열과 냉각 작용
가시광선에 의해서 유도된 비대칭성 광레독스 전이-금속 촉매 작용
시냅스 LTP에 대한 in vivo 관찰 결과
배아에서 조직 형성을 위한 세포 간 정보 교환 작용
CCL2 억제 중단에 의한 유방암 세포의 전이 가속화
Gp41-gp120 경계면에 결합함으로써 나타나는 HIV-1 중화 효과
컨텐츠
Editorials
On the mend p.7
The scientific regeneration of central Europe is gathering pace, but needs further help to thrive.doi: 10.1038/515007b
Protect the parks p.8
Balancing the needs of development and conservation is difficult — but urgent.doi: 10.1038/515008a
News
Fledgling space industry resolute after fatal crash p.15
Virgin Galactic accident should not be allowed to stifle innovation, warn analysts.doi: 10.1038/515015a
Future of Great Barrier Reef divides scientists p.16
Marine-park management comes under scrutiny as conservationists descend on Australia.doi: 10.1038/515016a
Basket of gifts for German science p.17
Politicians renew commitment to research and education progammes with €25 billion over six years.doi: 10.1038/nature.2014.16264
Models overestimate Ebola cases p.18
Rate of infection in Liberia seems to plateau, raising questions over the usefulness of models in an outbreak.doi: 10.1038/515018a
Lobbying sways NIH grants p.19
Pressure on lawmakers from patient-advocacy groups has shaped agency spending on rare-disease research.doi: 10.1038/515019a
University sued by creationist p.20
Microscopist’s wrongful-dismissal case faces long odds.doi: 10.1038/515020a
News Features
Central Europe up close p.22
In the 25 years since the collapse of communism, the countries of central and Eastern Europe have each carved their own identity in science.doi: 10.1038/515022a
News & Views
Surf's up at SLAC p.40
A 'plasma afterburner' just 30 centimetres long accelerates electrons hundreds of times faster than giant conventional accelerators. The result may ultimately open up a low-cost technology for particle colliders. See Letter p.92doi: 10.1038/515040a
Cells unite by trapping a signal p.41
Gradients of fibroblast growth factors often induce cells to adopt different fates. A study in zebrafish embryos reveals another, unexpected role when the factors are trapped in small spaces by a special arrangement of cells. See Letter p.120doi: 10.1038/nature13933
Monster star found hiding in plain sight p.42
Massive stars are rare, but they are sources of some of the most energetic phenomena seen in the Universe today. A high-mass candidate has now been found in a star-forming region that has been observed for more than 50 years.doi: 10.1038/515042a
Diversity breeds complementarity p.44
Evolutionary and ecosystem processes have long been treated as distinct. The finding that interactions among plant species cause rapid evolutionary changes that affect ecosystem function suggests that it is time for unification. See Letter p.108doi: 10.1038/nature13929
Shape control in reactions with light p.45
The report of a light-activated catalyst that dictates the three-dimensional shape — the stereochemistry — of molecules formed in an organic reaction suggests a new strategy for controlling such reactions using visible light. See Letter p.100doi: 10.1038/515045a
Metastasis risk after anti-macrophage therapy p.46
Blocking the activity of macrophages may delay the spread of cancer. But new findings show that these immune cells can rapidly rebound to tumours after therapy withdrawal, accelerating lethal metastasis in mice. See Letter p.130doi: 10.1038/nature13931
Articles
Life cycles, fitness decoupling and the evolution of multicellularity p.75
Simple cooperating groups of bacteria reproduced either by embracing or purging cheating types; those that embraced cheats adopted a life cycle of alternating phenotypic states, underpinned by a developmental switch that allowed the fitness of collectives to decouple from the fitness of constituent cells.doi: 10.1038/nature13884
Architecture of mammalian respiratory complex I p.80
Complex I is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and it is essential for oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian mitochondria; here the electron cryo-microscopy structure of complex I from bovine heart mitochondria is reported, advancing knowledge of its structure in mammals.doi: 10.1038/nature13686
Letters
Turbulent heating in galaxy clusters brightest in X-rays p.85
Analysis of X-ray data of galaxy clusters shows that turbulent heating of the intracluster medium is sufficient to counteract the radiative energy losses from the medium.doi: 10.1038/nature13830
Suppression of cooling by strong magnetic fields in white dwarf stars p.88
Cool white dwarf stars often have mysteriously strong magnetic fields (because their coolness suggests that they are old, and magnetic fields should decline in strength with age) and unexplained brightness variations; here the magnetic field is shown to suppress atmospheric convection, inhibiting cooling evolution and causing dark spots.doi: 10.1038/nature13836
High-efficiency acceleration of an electron beam in a plasma wakefield accelerator p.92
To develop plasma wakefield acceleration into a compact and affordable replacement for conventional accelerators, beams of charged particles must be accelerated at high efficiency in a high electric field; here this is demonstrated for a bunch of charged electrons ‘surfing’ on a previously excited plasma wave.doi: 10.1038/nature13882
Solution-processed, high-performance light-emitting diodes based on quantum dots p.96
The insertion of an insulating layer into a multilayer light-emitting diode (LED) based on quantum dots and produced by depositing the layers from solution increases the performance of the LEDs to levels comparable to those of state-of-the-art organic LEDs produced by vacuum deposition, while retaining the advantages of solution processing.doi: 10.1038/nature13829
Asymmetric photoredox transition-metal catalysis activated by visible light p.100
A chiral iridium complex serves as a sensitizer for photoredox catalysis and at the same time provides very effective asymmetric induction for the enantioselective alkylation of 2-acyl imidazoles; the metal centre simultaneously serves as the exclusive source of chirality, the catalytically active Lewis acid centre, and the photoredox centre.doi: 10.1038/nature13892
Recent Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HCl increase due to atmospheric circulation changes p.104
Policies have been in place since 1987 to reduce the release of chlorine atoms in the stratosphere, where they deplete ozone; here observations show that since 2007 hydrogen chloride has been increasing in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, an increase that is attributed to a slowdown in atmospheric circulation.doi: 10.1038/nature13857
Selection for niche differentiation in plant communities increases biodiversity effects p.108
Here, new ecological communities are established using plants from mixed-species communities or monocultures; ecosystem functioning and morphological trait diversity are shown to be greater in plants from mixed-species communities, suggesting that biodiversity effects in natural communities strengthen over time.doi: 10.1038/nature13869
Nodal signalling determines biradial asymmetry in Hydra p.112
A Nodal-related gene is uncovered in Hydra and is involved in setting up the body axis, and a β-Catenin–Nodal–Pitx signalling cassette is shown to have existed before the divergence of cnidarians, including Hydra, and bilaterians.doi: 10.1038/nature13666
Sensory-evoked LTP driven by dendritic plateau potentials in vivo p.116
Whole-cell recordings in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo show that rhythmic sensory-whisker stimulation induces long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) in layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells, in the absence of somatic spikes, through long-lasting NMDAR-mediated depolarizations that are generated by synaptic networks originating from the posteromedial complex of the thalamus.doi: 10.1038/nature13664
Luminal signalling links cell communication to tissue architecture during organogenesis p.120
Groups of cells within a migrating collective assemble shared luminal cavities that trap and concentrate the signalling molecule fibroblast growth factor, providing a self-organising mechanism to focus and coordinate cell communication within tissues.doi: 10.1038/nature13852
PLETHORA gradient formation mechanism separates auxin responses p.125
Through a combination of experimental and computational approaches, the interplay between the plant hormone auxin and the auxin-induced PLETHORA transcription factors is shown to control zonation and gravity-prompted growth movements in plants.doi: 10.1038/nature13663
Cessation of CCL2 inhibition accelerates breast cancer metastasis by promoting angiogenesis p.130
In mouse models of breast cancer, anti-CCL2 therapy—thought to be potentially useful in treating cancer—is shown to accelerate the growth of lung metastases on discontinuation due to a surge of recruitment of bone marrow monocytes and increased interleukin-6-dependent vascularization of the lung metastatic environment.doi: 10.1038/nature13862
Tumour-infiltrating Gr-1+ myeloid cells antagonize senescence in cancer p.134
Aberrant activation of oncogenes or loss of tumour suppressor genes opposes malignant transformation by triggering a stable arrest in cell growth, which is termed cellular senescence
doi: 10.1038/nature13638
Broad and potent HIV-1 neutralization by a human antibody that binds the gp41–gp120 interface p.138
Molecular and structural characterization is reported for a new broad and potent monoclonal antibody against HIV that binds to an epitope bridging the gp41 and gp120 subunits — the antibody affects a step in virus entry after binding to CD4 and before engagement of CCR5.doi: 10.1038/nature13601
Pseudouridine profiling reveals regulated mRNA pseudouridylation in yeast and human cells p.143
The modification of uridine to pseudouridine is widespread in transfer and ribosomal RNAs but not observed so far in a coding RNA; here a new technique is used to detect this modification on a genome-wide scale, leading to the identification of pseudouridylation in messenger RNAs as well as almost 100 new sites in non-coding RNAs.doi: 10.1038/nature13802
Crystal structure of the RNA-guided immune surveillance Cascade complex in Escherichia coli p.147
The CRISPR/Cas system is an RNA-guided bacterial protection system against foreign nucleic acids of bacterial and archaeal origin; here a high-resolution crystal structure of the CRIPSR RNA–Cas complex shows that the CRIPSR RNA plays an essential role not only in target recognition but also in complex assembly.doi: 10.1038/nature13733
