Brain fog p.125
The criticism of Europe’s Human Brain Project by leading scientists reflects a messy management structure that is in urgent need of clear direction.doi: 10.1038/511125a
Volume 511 Issue 7508
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 양서류 곰팡이 병원균에 대한 내성 및 백신 투여
건강인과 환자에서 체세포 및 면역 세포 대사의 차이점 분석
유도 만능 줄기세포에서 나타나는 변이체 확인
질병 내성 방어 메커니즘을 조절하는 아릴 하이드로카본 수용체
저 차원 위상 변화 필름에 의한 광전기적 프레임 워크
북 대서양에 용해된 철의 공급원에 대한 정량적 분석
영국 내 소 결핵 확산과 방역을 위한 다이나믹 모델
새로운 종 형성을 위한 무성 생식 경로로써의 수평적 지놈 이동
GABA 생성 및 도파민 생성 시냅스 신호전달을 위한 서로 다른 Cntnap4
두개골 내 생식세포 종양에서 확인된 새로운 체세포 및 생식세포 돌연변이
컨텐츠
Editorials
Be concerned p.126
A possible link between neonicotinoid pesticide use and a decline in bird numbers is worrying.doi: 10.1038/511126b
Barriers to trust p.126
An outbreak of Ebola highlights the difficulties of implementing public-health measures.doi: 10.1038/511126a
News
Row hits flagship brain plan p.133
Changes in scope and focus of European project anger factions of neuroscience community.doi: 10.1038/511133a
India races through environmental approvals p.134
But ecologists worry that fast turnaround will do nothing to improve quality of assessments.doi: 10.1038/511134a
Survey probes volcano’s depths p.136
Seismic project aims to reveal plumbing of Mount St Helens.doi: 10.1038/511136a
Biotech reels over patent ruling p.138
Firms fight for the right to patent natural products and processes.doi: 10.1038/511138a
News Features
Cell-induced stress p.140
As a much-hailed breakthrough in stem-cell science unravelled this year, many have been asking: ‘Where were the safeguards?’doi: 10.1038/511140a
The great mosquito hunt p.144
From dogs to balloons, researchers are using unorthodox ways to find out where malaria vectors hide during a long dry season.doi: 10.1038/511144a
News & Views
How to control bovine tuberculosis p.158
A model of the transmission and spread of bovine tuberculosis in Britain suggests that controlling the epidemic will require large-scale cattle slaughter or a major rethink of combined control strategies. See Letter p.228doi: 10.1038/nature13514
A new view on displays p.159
Materials that rapidly switch between amorphous and crystalline states are widely used to manage heat and store data. They now emerge as promising building blocks for ultrahigh-resolution display devices. See Letter p.206doi: 10.1038/511159a
The quest for the perfect reprogrammed cell p.160
There are two methods for reprogramming mature cells to pluripotent stem cells, which can give rise to all cells of the body. The first direct comparison of the methods reveals that both can cause subtle molecular defects. See Article p.177doi: 10.1038/nature13515
A structure to remember p.162
NMDA receptors are crucial in the workings of the brain and in its disorders. Two structures of almost complete receptors reveal the intricate complexity of these large, multi-domain molecular machines. See Article p.191
doi: 10.1038/511162a
City heat p.163
doi: 10.1038/511163a
Fingerprints of a trace nutrient p.164
Lack of dissolved iron in the sea limits biological productivity and the uptake of carbon dioxide. The sources of dissolved iron in the North Atlantic Ocean have been identified from isotopic variations of this trace nutrient. See Letter p.212doi: 10.1038/nature13513
A caring majority secures the future p.165
An experiment studying people's willingness to sacrifice personal gains so that resources are passed to future generations shows that this occurs only when extractions by free-riders are curbed by majority rule. See Letter p.220doi: 10.1038/nature13510
Review
Metabolism of stromal and immune cells in health and disease p.167
Cancer cells have been at the centre of cell metabolism research, but the metabolism of stromal and immune cells has received less attention. Nonetheless, these cells influence the progression of malignant, inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Here we discuss the metabolic adaptations of stromal and immune cells in health and disease, and highlight how metabolism determines their differentiation and function.doi: 10.1038/nature13312
Articles
Abnormalities in human pluripotent cells due to reprogramming mechanisms p.177
Genome-wide analysis of matched human IVF embryonic stem cells (IVF ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and nuclear transfer ES cells (NT ES cells) derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) reveals that human somatic cells can be faithfully reprogrammed to pluripotency by SCNT; NT ES cells and iPS cells derived from the same somatic cells contain comparable numbers of de novo copy number variations, but whereas DNA methylation and transcriptome profiles of NT ES cells and IVF ES cells are similar, iPS cells have residual patterns typical of parental somatic cells.doi: 10.1038/nature13551
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway p.184
Initial exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces endotoxin tolerance, which reduces immunological reactions to LPS; here it is shown that primary LPS challenge is controlled by AhR, TDO2 and IL-10, whereas sustained effects require AhR, IDO1 and TGF-β, allowing for disease tolerance with reduced immunopathology in infections.doi: 10.1038/nature13323
NMDA receptor structures reveal subunit arrangement and pore architecture p.191
X-ray crystal structures are presented of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a calcium-permeable ion channel that opens upon binding of glutamate and glycine; glutamate is a key excitatory neurotransmitter and enhanced structural insight of this receptor may aid development of therapeutic small molecules.doi: 10.1038/nature13548
Letters
Non-local propagation of correlations in quantum systems with long-range interactions p.198
Trapped ions are used to determine the speed of propagation of correlations and the causal region to which they are confined in quantum many-body systems with medium- and long-range spin interactions.doi: 10.1038/nature13450
Quasiparticle engineering and entanglement propagation in a quantum many-body system p.202
The fine control afforded by trapped atomic ions is used to explore experimentally how the range of interactions between the ions influences the spreading of information in quantum many-body systems.
doi: 10.1038/nature13461
An optoelectronic framework enabled by low-dimensional phase-change films p.206
Here stable colour changes induced by solid-state electrical switching of ultrathin films of a germanium–antimony–telluride alloy are demonstrated, adding to its established uses in data storage; possible applications include flexible and transparent displays.doi: 10.1038/nature13487
Quantification of dissolved iron sources to the North Atlantic Ocean p.212
A high-resolution oceanic section of dissolved iron stable isotope ratios reveals that the primary source of dissolved iron to the North Atlantic is atmospheric dust, while seafloor sediments and submarine volcanic vents also contribute significantly.doi: 10.1038/nature13482
Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands p.216
Climate modelling is used to show that for cities across North America, geographic variations in daytime urban heat islands—that is, the temperature differences between urban and adjacent rural areas—are largely explained by variations in the efficiency with which those areas convect heat to the lower atmosphere.doi: 10.1038/nature13462
Cooperating with the future p.220
An intergenerational cooperation game has been developed to study decision-making regarding resource use: when decisions about resource extraction were made individually the resource was rapidly depleted by a minority of defectors; the resource was sustainably maintained across generations, however, when decisions were made democratically by voting.doi: 10.1038/nature13530
Amphibians acquire resistance to live and dead fungus overcoming fungal immunosuppression p.224
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated in the decline of a large number of amphibian species; here it is shown that frogs can learn to avoid the pathogen, acquire resistance to it and be immunized against it using dead pathogen, findings that potentially offer a way in which resistant populations could be reintroduced into areas that have seen catastrophic declines.doi: 10.1038/nature13491
A dynamic model of bovine tuberculosis spread and control in Great Britain p.228
Bovine tuberculosis is a major economic burden on the cattle industry, and attempts to control it have been politically controversial; here farm movement and bovine tuberculosis incidence data are used to construct a mechanistic model and tease apart the factors contributing to epidemic bovine tuberculosis spread.doi: 10.1038/nature13529
Horizontal genome transfer as an asexual path to the formation of new species p.232
The formation of a new species can occur by an asexual mechanism by transfer of entire nuclear genomes between plant cells as shown by the creation of a new allopolyploid plant from parental herbaceous and woody plant species, this mechanism is a potential new tool for crop improvement.doi: 10.1038/nature13291
Cntnap4 differentially contributes to GABAergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission p.236
The molecular relationship between synaptic dysfunction and psychiatric disorders was investigated using a mouse model system; presynaptically localized Cntnap4 is required for the output of two disease-relevant neuronal subpopulations (cortical parvalbumin-positive GABAergic cells and midbrain dopaminergic neurons) and Cntnap4 mutants show behavioural abnormalities which can be pharmacologically reversed.doi: 10.1038/nature13248
Novel somatic and germline mutations in intracranial germ cell tumours p.241
Intracranial germ cell tumours are rare tumours affecting mainly male adolescents, mainly in Asia; here the authors identify frequent mutations in the KIT/RAS and AKT/mTOR signalling pathways as well as rare germline variants in JMJD1C, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies focusing on the inhibition of KIT/RAS activation and the AKT1/mTOR pathway.doi: 10.1038/nature13296
SOX2 controls tumour initiation and cancer stem-cell functions in squamous-cell carcinoma p.246
Here, in a mouse model of skin squamous cell carcinoma, a key role is demonstrated for the transcription factor SOX2 in the initiation and progression of skin tumours.doi: 10.1038/nature13305
Avoidance of ribonucleotide-induced mutations by RNase H2 and Srs2-Exo1 mechanisms p.251
Srs2 helicase is known to dismantle nucleofilaments of Rad51 recombinase to prevent spurious recombination events
doi: 10.1038/nature13292
