A toxic legacy p.431
Illegal dumping of toxic waste in the Italian Campania has been blamed for high rates of ill health in the region. The suspected link needs to be investigated using the most modern methods.doi: 10.1038/508431a
Volume 508 Issue 7497
리서치 하이라이트
표지 기사： 포유류 간 Y 염색체의 기능적 진화에 대한 기원 조사
인간 질병에서 유전자 다형성과 사망률간의 역학적 상관 관계
빛 제한을 통해 목초지 식물 다양성에 영향을 주는 초식동물과 영양분 조절
장내 이질 아메바에 의한 트로고사이토시스에 의해 유발되는 장 상피 세포 사멸 및 조직 침투 메커니즘
심부전에서 심장 수축력을 회복시키는 miR-25 억제 인자
조혈모 및 전구 세포 니치 형성을 조절하는 Foxc1
Akt 인산화 효소의 카르복실 말단 인산화 부위 인산화에 의한 세포 주기 조절
꽃에서 꿀 분비에 관여하는 인산화 자당 합성효소 및 자당 전송인자 SWEET9
제 4형 분비 시스템의 구조 분석
컨텐츠
Editorials
Take care p.432
The United States must tread carefully when building a health-data system.doi: 10.1038/508432b
A question of trust p.432
NASA’s decision to renege on SOFIA project casts doubts over its reliability as a partner.doi: 10.1038/508432a
News
Tamiflu report comes under fire p.439
Conclusions on stockpiling of antiviral drugs challenged.doi: 10.1038/508439a
Chile quake defies expectations p.440
Smaller-than-expected tremor has scientists scrambling to redefine rules for areas of extreme seismic stress.doi: 10.1038/508440a
Quantum communications leap out of the lab p.441
China begins work on super-secure network as ‘real-world’ trial successfully sends quantum keys and data.doi: 10.1038/508441a
RNA interference rebooted p.443
Gene-silencing technique yields promising treatments for liver-linked disorders.doi: 10.1038/508443a
News Features
Designer reefs p.444
Biologists are directing the evolution of corals to prepare them to fight climate change.doi: 10.1038/508444a
Biofuels heat up p.448
A new generation of industrial plants can make liquid fuels from almost any organic scraps — from corn stalks and wood chips to urban rubbish.doi: 10.1038/508448a
News & Views
Catalysis at the boundaries p.460
Copper-based materials have been found that efficiently convert carbon monoxide and water to ethanol using electricity. The discovery is a major advance towards storing renewable energy in the form of a liquid fuel. See Letter p.504doi: 10.1038/nature13226
Do you hear what I see? p.461
Researchers have found evidence that the representation of auditory and tactile information in the brains of blind people shows strong similarities to the way in which visual information is represented in sighted people.doi: 10.1038/508461a
Nibbled to death p.462
Trogocytosis, a process in which one cell 'takes a bite' out of another, had previously been seen only in immune cells. But the phenomenon has now been found in Entamoeba histolytica, as a way for this parasite to kill host cells. See Letter p.526doi: 10.1038/nature13223
The vital Y chromosome p.463
Comparisons of Y-chromosome sequences in various mammals reveal abundant gene loss early in the chromosome's evolution but remarkable gene stability across the Y chromosomes of extant species. See Articles p.488 & p.494doi: 10.1038/508463a
Sea levels from ancient seashells p.465
The isotopic composition of oxygen in sea water correlates with changes in global mean sea level. Microfossils carrying oxygen-isotope signals have been used to extend sea-level records as far back as 5 million years ago. See Article p.477doi: 10.1038/nature13328
Sperm protein finds its mate p.466
Knowledge of the sperm-specific protein that is required for the attachment of sperm to eggs during fertilization in mammals has led to the identification of the protein's receptor on the egg's plasma membrane. See Article p.483doi: 10.1038/nature13227
Perspective
Guidelines for investigating causality of sequence variants in human disease OPEN p.469
Acceleration in discovery of rare genetic variants possibly linked with disease may mean an increased risk of false-positive reports of causality; this Perspective proposes guidelines to distinguish disease-causing sequence variants from the many potentially functional variants in a human genome, and to assess confidence in their pathogenicity, and highlights priority areas for development.doi: 10.1038/nature13127
Articles
Sea-level and deep-sea-temperature variability over the past 5.3 million years p.477
A novel approach to the estimation of sea level and deep-sea temperature has been used to determine these quantities over the past 5.3 million years; this approach, based on oxygen isotope records from the eastern Mediterranean, shows that temperature and sea-level histories are broadly correlated but also show intriguing temporal offsets.doi: 10.1038/nature13230
Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilization p.483
The egg receptor for Izumo, a sperm cell-surface protein required for male fertility, is identified here and renamed Juno; these findings show that the Izumo–Juno interaction is conserved within mammals, and open new opportunities for the development of fertility treatments and contraceptives.doi: 10.1038/nature13203
Origins and functional evolution of Y chromosomes across mammals p.488
Using high-throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing, Y chromosome evolution across 15 representative mammals is explored, with results providing evidence for three independent sex chromosome originations in mammals and birds.doi: 10.1038/nature13151
Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators p.494
A study comparing the Y chromosome across mammalian species reveals that selection to maintain the ancestral dosage of homologous X–Y gene pairs preserved a handful of genes on the Y chromosome while the rest were lost; the survival of broadly expressed dosage-sensitive regulators of gene expression suggest that the human Y chromosome is essential for male viability.doi: 10.1038/nature13206
Letters
Superconducting quantum circuits at the surface code threshold for fault tolerance p.500
A universal set of logic gates in a superconducting quantum circuit is shown to have gate fidelities at the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computing by the surface code approach, in which the quantum bits are distributed in an array of planar topology and have only nearest-neighbour couplings.doi: 10.1038/nature13171
Electroreduction of carbon monoxide to liquid fuel on oxide-derived nanocrystalline copper p.504
The electrochemical conversion of CO and H2O into liquid fuel is made feasible at modest potentials with the use of oxide-derived nanocystalline Cu as the catalyst.doi: 10.1038/nature13249
Hybrid shallow on-axis and deep off-axis hydrothermal circulation at fast-spreading ridges p.508
High-resolution three-dimensional simulations of hydrothermal flow beneath fast-spreading ridges predict two interacting flow components — shallow on-axis flow and deeper off-axis flow — that merge to feed axial vent sites, reconciling previously incompatible models favouring only one flow component.doi: 10.1038/nature13174
Plate tectonics, damage and inheritance p.513
Lithospheric damage, combined with transient mantle flow and migrating proto-subduction, is proposed to explain the apparent emergence of plate tectonics three billion years ago; modelling confirms that tectonic plate boundaries and fully formed tectonic plates can arise under conditions characteristic of Earth but not of Venus.doi: 10.1038/nature13072
Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation p.517
Experimental data collected from 40 grasslands on 6 continents show that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity; nutrient addition reduces local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescues diversity at sites where it alleviates light limitation.doi: 10.1038/nature13144
Eutrophication weakens stabilizing effects of diversity in natural grasslands p.521
Experimental eutrophication weakens the stabilizing effects of plant diversity on the productivity of natural grasslands.doi: 10.1038/nature13014
Trogocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica contributes to cell killing and tissue invasion p.526
Entamoeba histolytic, the causative agent of fatal diarrhoeal disease in children in the developing world, is shown here to kill human cells by biting off and ingesting pieces of cells, in a process reminiscent of the trogocytosis seen between immune cells; ingestion of bites is required for killing and this mechanism is used both in tissue culture and during invasion of intestinal explants.doi: 10.1038/nature13242
Inhibition of miR-25 improves cardiac contractility in the failing heart p.531
Reduced activity of the calcium-transporting ATPase SERCA2a is a hallmark of heart failure; here, microRNAs that downregulate SERCA2a function are identified, and antagonism of one, miR-25, is shown to halt heart failure in mice.doi: 10.1038/nature13073
Foxc1 is a critical regulator of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell niche formation p.536
Transcription factor Foxc1 is a key regulator of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell niche formation.doi: 10.1038/nature13071
Cell-cycle-regulated activation of Akt kinase by phosphorylation at its carboxyl terminus p.541
Phosphorylation of Akt at its carboxy-terminal tail is an essential layer of Akt activation to regulate its physiological functions.doi: 10.1038/nature13079
Nectar secretion requires sucrose phosphate synthases and the sugar transporter SWEET9 p.546
Although nectar is known to be important, for example in plant–insect interactions, little has been known about the mechanism of its secretion; sucrose phosphate synthases are now reported to be essential for the synthesis of the sucrose component of nectar and the transporter protein SWEET9 is shown to mediate sucrose export into the extracellular space of the nectary.doi: 10.1038/nature13082
Structure of a type IV secretion system p.550
The three-dimensional structure of the type IV secretion system encoded by the Escherichia coli R388 conjugative plasmid.doi: 10.1038/nature13081
