The comments about women in the laboratory made by Nobel laureate Tim Hunt are a reminder that equality in science is a battle still far from won.
doi: 10.1038/522255a
A Republican US presidential candidate speaks on climate change, but will his party listen?
doi: 10.1038/522255b
Funding agencies should highlight their roles as risk managers to underpin public trust.
doi: 10.1038/522256a
Comet lander has enough power to do experiments but needs a better communications link.
doi: 10.1038/522263a
Researchers hope that a more pluralistic parliament will put an end to interference and slipping standards.
doi: 10.1038/522264a
Regulators asked to consider ageing a treatable condition.
doi: 10.1038/522265a
Proposed updates to national-security regulations would restrict collaboration with foreign scientists and industry.
doi: 10.1038/522266a
Although the wonder material is being made in record volume, commercial success is elusive.
doi: 10.1038/522268a
未培養の微生物の広大な世界から抗生物質を探索する、新しい方法の研究が進んでいる。
doi: 10.1038/522270a
グラフェンに続き、新しい有用な二次元材料の研究が盛んだが、画期的な応用は、それを三次元に積み重ねることから生まれる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/522274a
ケプラー宇宙望遠鏡のデータの解析から、普通の星を周回している系外惑星の1つの質量がこれまでで最小であることが分かった。この惑星の質量とサイズは火星とほぼ同じで、地球よりも小さな系外惑星の性質についての基準を設定できる。
doi: 10.1038/522290a
細胞内膜構造の一部がオートファゴソームと呼ばれる小胞中に取り込まれる現象は、こうした膜構造を受容体とタンパク質を介して選択的に分解する過程を調節していることが、2つの研究によって明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14532
導波路を伝搬するマイクロ波はデバイスの鋭い屈曲部でも反射されずに進んで行くことがシミュレーションにより明らかになった。この知見は、こうした珍しい現象を利用する技術への道を開くと思われる。
doi: 10.1038/nature14533
マウス脳の海馬中にあって、本来なら快い経験によって活性化される神経を刺激すると、ストレスに曝露された結果のうつ病関連行動が抑制されることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/522294a
海洋の炭素循環と気候のフィードバックが、陸域の炭素循環と気候のフィードバックよりも大きくなる可能性があることが分かった。これは化石燃料からの現在の炭素放出量の社会経済学的影響に関わってくる。
doi: 10.1038/522295a
α-シヌクレインタンパク質の凝集体は多様な種類の細胞で形成され、さまざまな神経変性疾患の原因となることがある。構造コンホメーションがそれぞれ異なる凝集体群が複数存在することが、病態のこのような変動の原因なのかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/nature14526
ホウ素の異例な性質は化学の大きな進歩のきっかけとなった。今回、ホウ素が2個の一酸化炭素分子と結合した化合物が見つかり、また別の風変わりな性質が明らかになった。この元素は遷移金属に似た結合を形成するのである。
doi: 10.1038/522297a
A review of western boundary currents in the Pacific Ocean explores their far-reaching influence on the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, the Indonesian Throughflow, Asian monsoons, and ocean circulation in the South China Sea, and concludes that major conceptual and technical progress will be needed to close the regional mass budget and provide robust projections of Pacific western boundary currents in a changing climate.
doi: 10.1038/nature14504
Spatial working memory is known to involve the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, but the specificities of the connection have been unclear; now, a direct path between these two areas is defined that is necessary for the encoding of spatial cues in mice, but is not required for the maintenance or retrieval of these cues.
doi: 10.1038/nature14445
The description of a compound (DDD107498) with antimalarial activity against multiple life-cycle stages of Plasmodium falciparum and good pharmacokinetic and safety properties, with potential for single-dose treatment, chemoprotection and prevention of transmission.
doi: 10.1038/nature14451
Transit timing reveals the masses for the three small planets orbiting the star Kepler-138.
doi: 10.1038/nature14494
Observations are reported of a permanent, asymmetric dust cloud around the Moon, caused by impacts of high-speed cometary dust particles on eccentric orbits, as opposed to particles of asteroidal origin following near-circular paths striking the Moon at lower speeds.
doi: 10.1038/nature14479
Transition metal–ligand fragments are often able to bind and release several carbon monoxide molecules, such as the catalysts used in industrial-scale acetic acid synthesis and the active sites of hydrogenase enzymes, but main-group elements have never shown an ability to bind more than one carbon monoxide molecule; here a boron-based compound stable to moisture and air is synthesized and shown to contain multiple carbon monoxide units bound to the central boron atom.
doi: 10.1038/nature14489
A new dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of Chile (about 150 million years ago) has been discovered and identified as a primitive kind of theropod that, unusually, was herbivore.
doi: 10.1038/nature14307
Acute re-activation of a positive memory engram suppresses depression-like behaviour in mice exposed to chronic stress, mediated by a hippocampus–amygdala–nucleus-accumbens pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature14514
Brain α-synuclein deposits are the hallmark of various distinct neurodegenerative diseases, and it is proposed that α-synuclein assemblies with different structural characteristics or 'strains' (ribbons or fibrils) could account for pathological differences between these diseases; here different human α-synuclein strains are injected into rat brain, and are shown to propagate in a strain-dependent manner and cause different pathological and neurotoxic phenotypes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14547
Tumours maximize their chance of metastasizing by evoking a systemic inflammatory cascade in mouse models of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis.
doi: 10.1038/nature14282
Whether neutrophils exert an anti- or pro-tumorigenic function has remained controversial; now, expression of the receptor molecule MET in neutrophils is shown to be required for their ability to restrict tumour growth in several mouse cancer models, with potential implications for human cancer therapy.
doi: 10.1038/nature14407
The protein FAM134B is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident receptor that facilitates ER autophagy, and downregulation of this protein (mutations of which are also known to cause sensory neuropathy in humans) results in expanded ER structures and degeneration of mouse sensory neurons.
doi: 10.1038/nature14498
In yeast, the novel protein Atg40 is enriched in the cortical and cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and loads these ER subdomains into autophagosomes to facilitate ER autophagy; Atg39 localizes to the perinuclear ER and induces autophagic sequestration of part of the nucleus, thus ensuring cell survival under nitrogen-deprived conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14506
Many human genes undergo alternative cleavage and polyadenylation to generate messenger RNA transcripts with different lengths at the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) but that encode the same protein; now it is shown that these alternative 3' UTRs regulate protein localization.
doi: 10.1038/nature14321
A hybrid solid–liquid phase transcription method and automated robotic platform synthesizes position-specific, fluorescence- or isotope-labelled RNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature14352
