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2017年01月05日
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Nature自然科研
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获取最新信息。
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Editorial
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Why researchers should resolve to engage in 2017
p5
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Debates over climate change and genome editing present the need for researchers to venture beyond their comfort zones to engage with citizens — and they should receive credit for doing so.
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doi: 10.1038/541005a
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News Features
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What’s killing the world’s shorebirds?
p16
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Researchers brave polar bears, mosquitoes and gull attacks in the Canadian Arctic to investigate an alarming die off.
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Margaret Munro
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doi: 10.1038/541016a
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News and Views
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Radio burst caught red-handed
p32
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For almost a decade, astronomers have observed intense bursts of radio waves from the distant cosmos whose origins were unknown. The source of one such burst has now been identified, but this has only deepened the mystery. See Letter p.58
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Heino Falcke
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doi: 10.1038/541032a
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Ion-channel mechanisms revealed
p33
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Structures of Slo1, a channel that conducts potassium ions out of cells, provide insight into the basis of its high conductance, and of its dual activation by calcium ions and increased membrane voltage. See Articles p.46 & p.52
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Karl L. Magleby
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doi: 10.1038/nature21103
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A unifying mechanism in neurodegeneration
p34
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Identification of a previously uncharacterized genetic disease highlights DNA repair as a shared mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders, and suggests potential therapeutic approaches to tackling them. See Letter p.87
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Christopher A. Ross, Ray Truant
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doi: 10.1038/nature21107
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Crops on the fast track for light
p36
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Tobacco plants have been manipulated to improve their adaptation to changes in light intensity. The engineered plants can use solar energy more safely and efficiently than their wild-type counterparts.
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Alexander V. Ruban
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doi: 10.1038/541036a
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The long and winding road to catalysis
p37
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In chemical catalysis, spillover is the process in which hydrogen atoms are made from hydrogen molecules at one site and then added to other atoms or molecules at another. A study reveals details of this effect. See Letter p.68
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Francisco Zaera
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doi: 10.1038/541037a
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Molecular memoirs of a cellular family
p38
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A system that introduces random modifications to barcode sequences embedded in cells' DNA allows lineage relationships between cells to be discerned, while preserving the cells' spatial relationships. See Letter p.107
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Lauren E. Beck, Arjun Raj
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doi: 10.1038/nature21101
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Article
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Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36
p41
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Human oral carcinoma cells expressing high levels of the fatty acid receptor CD36 initiate metastasis in mouse models, and metastasis is increased by palmitic acid or a fatty diet and decreased by blockade of CD36.
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Gloria Pascual, Alexandra Avgustinova, Stefania Mejetta, Mercè Martín, Andrés Castellanos, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, Antoni Berenguer, Neus Prats, Agustí Toll, Juan Antonio Hueto + et al.
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doi: 10.1038/nature20791
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Cryo-EM structure of the open high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
p46
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Two complementary studies present the full-length high-resolution structure of a Slo1 channel in the presence or absence of Ca2+ ions, in which an unconventional allosteric voltage-sensing mechanism regulates the Ca2+ sensor in addition to the voltage sensor’s direct action on the pore.
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Xiao Tao, Richard K. Hite, Roderick MacKinnon
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doi: 10.1038/nature20608
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Structural basis for gating the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel
p52
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Two complementary studies present the full-length high-resolution structure of a Slo1 channel in the presence or absence of Ca2+ ions, in which an unconventional allosteric voltage-sensing mechanism regulates the Ca2+ sensor in addition to the voltage sensor’s direct action on the pore.
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Richard K. Hite, Xiao Tao, Roderick MacKinnon
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doi: 10.1038/nature20775
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Letter
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A direct localization of a fast radio burst and its host
p58
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Subarcsecond localization of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 shows that its source is co-located with a faint galaxy with a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus, or a previously unknown type of extragalactic source.
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S. Chatterjee, C. J. Law, R. S. Wharton, S. Burke-Spolaor, J. W. T. Hessels, G. C. Bower, J. M. Cordes, S. P. Tendulkar, C. G. Bassa, P. Demorest + et al.
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doi: 10.1038/nature20797
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Correlated fluorescence blinking in two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures
p62
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A correlated blinking phenomenon is discovered in two-dimensional bilayer semiconductor heterostructures, whereby a bright emission state occurs in one monolayer while a dark state occurs in the other, and vice versa.
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Weigao Xu, Weiwei Liu, Jan F. Schmidt, Weijie Zhao, Xin Lu, Timo Raab, Carole Diederichs, Weibo Gao, Denis V. Seletskiy, Qihua Xiong
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doi: 10.1038/nature20601
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Catalyst support effects on hydrogen spillover
p68
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The mechanism of hydrogen spillover is described using a precisely nanofabricated model system, explaining why it is slower on an aluminum oxide catalyst support than on a titanium oxide catalyst support.
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Waiz Karim, Clelia Spreafico, Armin Kleibert, Jens Gobrecht, Joost VandeVondele, Yasin Ekinci, Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
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doi: 10.1038/nature20782
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Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier
p77
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Many glaciers and ice shelves in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are retreating or thinning rapidly, but the triggering mechanism has been unclear; now, the retreat of Pine Island Glacier is found to have begun in the 1940s following warming El Niño events in the Pacific Ocean, showing that glacial retreat can continue long after an initial push from the climate.
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J. A. Smith, T. J. Andersen, M. Shortt, A. M. Gaffney, M. Truffer, T. P. Stanton, R. Bindschadler, P. Dutrieux, A. Jenkins, C.-D. Hillenbrand + et al.
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doi: 10.1038/nature20136
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Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity
p81
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A large-scale epigenome-wide association study identifies changes in DNA methylation associated with body mass index in blood and adipose tissue, and correlates DNA methylation sites with high risk of incident type 2 diabetes.
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Simone Wahl, Alexander Drong, Benjamin Lehne, Marie Loh, William R. Scott, Sonja Kunze, Pei-Chien Tsai, Janina S. Ried, Weihua Zhang, Youwen Yang + et al.
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doi: 10.1038/nature20784
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XRCC1 mutation is associated with PARP1 hyperactivation and cerebellar ataxia
p87
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Biallelic mutations in human XRCC1 are associated with ocular motor apraxia, axonal neuropathy, and progressive cerebellar ataxia.
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Nicolas C. Hoch, Hana Hanzlikova, Stuart L. Rulten, Martine Tétreault, Emilia Komulainen, Limei Ju, Peter Hornyak, Zhihong Zeng, William Gittens, Stephanie A. Rey + et al.
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doi: 10.1038/nature20790
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Identification of an atypical monocyte and committed progenitor involved in fibrosis
p96
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An atypical monocyte with partial granulocyte characteristics is identified and shown to be critical for the development of fibrosis.
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Takashi Satoh, Katsuhiro Nakagawa, Fuminori Sugihara, Ryusuke Kuwahara, Motooki Ashihara, Fumihiro Yamane, Yosuke Minowa, Kiyoharu Fukushima, Isao Ebina, Yoshichika Yoshioka + et al.
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doi: 10.1038/nature20611
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Splicing factor 1 modulates dietary restriction and TORC1 pathway longevity in C. elegans
p102
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Precursor mRNA splicing homeostasis is a biomarker and predictor of life expectancy in Caenorhabditis elegans and defects in global pre-mRNA splicing associated with age are reduced by dietary restriction via splicing factor 1.
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Caroline Heintz, Thomas K. Doktor, Anne Lanjuin, Caroline C. Escoubas, Yue Zhang, Heather J. Weir, Sneha Dutta, Carlos Giovanni Silva-García, Gitte H. Bruun, Ianessa Morantte + et al.
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doi: 10.1038/nature20789
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Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells
p107
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A new system, termed MEMOIR, allows cells to record lineage and gene expression history within their own genome in a format that can be read out in single cells in situ.
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Kirsten L. Frieda, James M. Linton, Sahand Hormoz, Joonhyuk Choi, Ke-Huan K. Chow, Zakary S. Singer, Mark W. Budde, Michael B. Elowitz, Long Cai
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doi: 10.1038/nature20777
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Structural basis of an essential interaction between influenza polymerase and Pol II CTD
p117
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The crystal structure of bat influenza A polymerase bound to a serine-5 phosphorylated peptide mimic from the C-terminal domain of cellular RNA polymerase II shows how the two polymerases are directly coupled and suggests that the interaction site could be targeted for antiviral drug development.
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Maria Lukarska, Guillaume Fournier, Alexander Pflug, Patricia Resa-Infante, Stefan Reich, Nadia Naffakh, Stephen Cusack
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doi: 10.1038/nature20594
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