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Nature
 
 
Nature Research Editing Service
 
Nature cover

2017年01月05日

 

Nature Volume 541 Number 7635 pp6-128

封面故事: 快速射电暴及其宿主的直接定位
 
口腔癌的转移启动细胞
 
二维半导体的荧光闪烁
 
全新世时期的气候变化驱动因素
 
20世纪40年代的冰川消退
 
体脂与糖尿病风险
 
与XRCC1突变体相关的小脑性共济失调
 
控制水稻施磷
 
在单个细胞水平上追踪细胞谱系
 
ssRNA病毒基因组的原子结构
 
 
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Editorial
 
Why researchers should resolve to engage in 2017 p5
Debates over climate change and genome editing present the need for researchers to venture beyond their comfort zones to engage with citizens — and they should receive credit for doing so.
 
doi: 10.1038/541005a
 
 
News
 
Quantum computers ready to leap out of the lab in 2017 p9
Google, Microsoft and a host of labs and start-ups are racing to turn scientific curiosities into working machines.
 
Davide Castelvecchi
 
doi: 10.1038/541009a
 
3D ocean map tracks ecosystems in unprecedented detail p10
Tool to divide water masses into precise categories can help in conservation planning.
 
Alexandra Witze
 
doi: 10.1038/541010a
 
Wolf transplant could reset iconic island study p12
US government proposes introducing wolves to Isle Royale as population dwindles.
 
Emma Marris
 
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21217
 
Scientists in Germany, Peru and Taiwan to lose access to Elsevier journals p13
Libraries pursue alternative delivery routes after licence negotiations break down.
 
Quirin Schiermeier, Emiliano Rodríguez Mega
 
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21223
 
2017 sneak peek: What the new year holds for science p14
Expect researchers to glimpse an event horizon, continue striving for quantum supremacy and brace themselves for a political hangover.
 
Elizabeth Gibney
 
doi: 10.1038/541014a
 
 
News Features
 
What’s killing the world’s shorebirds? p16
Researchers brave polar bears, mosquitoes and gull attacks in the Canadian Arctic to investigate an alarming die off.
 
Margaret Munro
 
doi: 10.1038/541016a
 
 
News and Views
 
Radio burst caught red-handed p32
For almost a decade, astronomers have observed intense bursts of radio waves from the distant cosmos whose origins were unknown. The source of one such burst has now been identified, but this has only deepened the mystery. See Letter p.58
 
Heino Falcke
 
doi: 10.1038/541032a
 
Ion-channel mechanisms revealed p33
Structures of Slo1, a channel that conducts potassium ions out of cells, provide insight into the basis of its high conductance, and of its dual activation by calcium ions and increased membrane voltage. See Articles p.46 & p.52
 
Karl L. Magleby
 
doi: 10.1038/nature21103
 
A unifying mechanism in neurodegeneration p34
Identification of a previously uncharacterized genetic disease highlights DNA repair as a shared mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders, and suggests potential therapeutic approaches to tackling them. See Letter p.87
 
Christopher A. Ross, Ray Truant
 
doi: 10.1038/nature21107
 
Crops on the fast track for light p36
Tobacco plants have been manipulated to improve their adaptation to changes in light intensity. The engineered plants can use solar energy more safely and efficiently than their wild-type counterparts.
 
Alexander V. Ruban
 
doi: 10.1038/541036a
 
The long and winding road to catalysis p37
In chemical catalysis, spillover is the process in which hydrogen atoms are made from hydrogen molecules at one site and then added to other atoms or molecules at another. A study reveals details of this effect. See Letter p.68
 
Francisco Zaera
 
doi: 10.1038/541037a
 
Molecular memoirs of a cellular family p38
A system that introduces random modifications to barcode sequences embedded in cells' DNA allows lineage relationships between cells to be discerned, while preserving the cells' spatial relationships. See Letter p.107
 
Lauren E. Beck, Arjun Raj
 
doi: 10.1038/nature21101
 
 
Article
 
Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36 p41
Human oral carcinoma cells expressing high levels of the fatty acid receptor CD36 initiate metastasis in mouse models, and metastasis is increased by palmitic acid or a fatty diet and decreased by blockade of CD36.
 
Gloria Pascual, Alexandra Avgustinova, Stefania Mejetta, Mercè Martín, Andrés Castellanos, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, Antoni Berenguer, Neus Prats, Agustí Toll, Juan Antonio Hueto + et al.
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20791
 
Cryo-EM structure of the open high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel p46
Two complementary studies present the full-length high-resolution structure of a Slo1 channel in the presence or absence of Ca2+ ions, in which an unconventional allosteric voltage-sensing mechanism regulates the Ca2+ sensor in addition to the voltage sensor’s direct action on the pore.
 
Xiao Tao, Richard K. Hite, Roderick MacKinnon
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20608
 
Structural basis for gating the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel p52
Two complementary studies present the full-length high-resolution structure of a Slo1 channel in the presence or absence of Ca2+ ions, in which an unconventional allosteric voltage-sensing mechanism regulates the Ca2+ sensor in addition to the voltage sensor’s direct action on the pore.
 
Richard K. Hite, Xiao Tao, Roderick MacKinnon
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20775
 
 
Letter
 
A direct localization of a fast radio burst and its host p58
Subarcsecond localization of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 shows that its source is co-located with a faint galaxy with a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus, or a previously unknown type of extragalactic source.
 
S. Chatterjee, C. J. Law, R. S. Wharton, S. Burke-Spolaor, J. W. T. Hessels, G. C. Bower, J. M. Cordes, S. P. Tendulkar, C. G. Bassa, P. Demorest + et al.
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20797
 
Correlated fluorescence blinking in two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures p62
A correlated blinking phenomenon is discovered in two-dimensional bilayer semiconductor heterostructures, whereby a bright emission state occurs in one monolayer while a dark state occurs in the other, and vice versa.
 
Weigao Xu, Weiwei Liu, Jan F. Schmidt, Weijie Zhao, Xin Lu, Timo Raab, Carole Diederichs, Weibo Gao, Denis V. Seletskiy, Qihua Xiong
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20601
 
Catalyst support effects on hydrogen spillover p68
The mechanism of hydrogen spillover is described using a precisely nanofabricated model system, explaining why it is slower on an aluminum oxide catalyst support than on a titanium oxide catalyst support.
 
Waiz Karim, Clelia Spreafico, Armin Kleibert, Jens Gobrecht, Joost VandeVondele, Yasin Ekinci, Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20782
 
Centennial-scale Holocene climate variations amplified by Antarctic Ice Sheet discharge p72
Records of iceberg-rafted debris and climate model simulations reveal that fluctuations in Antarctic Ice Sheet discharge may have amplified climate fluctuations during the Holocene.
 
Pepijn Bakker, Peter U. Clark, Nicholas R. Golledge, Andreas Schmittner, Michael E. Weber
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20582
 
Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier p77
Many glaciers and ice shelves in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are retreating or thinning rapidly, but the triggering mechanism has been unclear; now, the retreat of Pine Island Glacier is found to have begun in the 1940s following warming El Niño events in the Pacific Ocean, showing that glacial retreat can continue long after an initial push from the climate.
 
J. A. Smith, T. J. Andersen, M. Shortt, A. M. Gaffney, M. Truffer, T. P. Stanton, R. Bindschadler, P. Dutrieux, A. Jenkins, C.-D. Hillenbrand + et al.
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20136
 
Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity p81
A large-scale epigenome-wide association study identifies changes in DNA methylation associated with body mass index in blood and adipose tissue, and correlates DNA methylation sites with high risk of incident type 2 diabetes.
 
Simone Wahl, Alexander Drong, Benjamin Lehne, Marie Loh, William R. Scott, Sonja Kunze, Pei-Chien Tsai, Janina S. Ried, Weihua Zhang, Youwen Yang + et al.
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20784
 
XRCC1 mutation is associated with PARP1 hyperactivation and cerebellar ataxia p87
Biallelic mutations in human XRCC1 are associated with ocular motor apraxia, axonal neuropathy, and progressive cerebellar ataxia.
 
Nicolas C. Hoch, Hana Hanzlikova, Stuart L. Rulten, Martine Tétreault, Emilia Komulainen, Limei Ju, Peter Hornyak, Zhihong Zeng, William Gittens, Stephanie A. Rey + et al.
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20790
 
Reducing phosphorus accumulation in rice grains with an impaired transporter in the node p92
The phosphorous transporter SPDT is identified in rice; depletion of the transporter gene alters the phosphorus distribution in rice grains and leaves, suggesting that the strategy could be used for agricultural purposes.
 
Naoki Yamaji, Yuma Takemoto, Takaaki Miyaji, Namiki Mitani-Ueno, Kaoru T. Yoshida, Jian Feng Ma
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20610
 
Identification of an atypical monocyte and committed progenitor involved in fibrosis p96
An atypical monocyte with partial granulocyte characteristics is identified and shown to be critical for the development of fibrosis.
 
Takashi Satoh, Katsuhiro Nakagawa, Fuminori Sugihara, Ryusuke Kuwahara, Motooki Ashihara, Fumihiro Yamane, Yosuke Minowa, Kiyoharu Fukushima, Isao Ebina, Yoshichika Yoshioka + et al.
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20611
 
Splicing factor 1 modulates dietary restriction and TORC1 pathway longevity in C. elegans p102
Precursor mRNA splicing homeostasis is a biomarker and predictor of life expectancy in Caenorhabditis elegans and defects in global pre-mRNA splicing associated with age are reduced by dietary restriction via splicing factor 1.
 
Caroline Heintz, Thomas K. Doktor, Anne Lanjuin, Caroline C. Escoubas, Yue Zhang, Heather J. Weir, Sneha Dutta, Carlos Giovanni Silva-García, Gitte H. Bruun, Ianessa Morantte + et al.
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20789
 
Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells p107
A new system, termed MEMOIR, allows cells to record lineage and gene expression history within their own genome in a format that can be read out in single cells in situ.
 
Kirsten L. Frieda, James M. Linton, Sahand Hormoz, Joonhyuk Choi, Ke-Huan K. Chow, Zakary S. Singer, Mark W. Budde, Michael B. Elowitz, Long Cai
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20777
 
In situ structures of the genome and genome-delivery apparatus in a single-stranded RNA virus p112
A high-resolution structure of the bacteriophage MS2 sheds light on the structure of the genome and how the genome is delivered into a bacterium.
 
Xinghong Dai, Zhihai Li, Mason Lai, Sara Shu, Yushen Du, Z. Hong Zhou, Ren Sun
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20589
 
Structural basis of an essential interaction between influenza polymerase and Pol II CTD p117
The crystal structure of bat influenza A polymerase bound to a serine-5 phosphorylated peptide mimic from the C-terminal domain of cellular RNA polymerase II shows how the two polymerases are directly coupled and suggests that the interaction site could be targeted for antiviral drug development.
 
Maria Lukarska, Guillaume Fournier, Alexander Pflug, Patricia Resa-Infante, Stefan Reich, Nadia Naffakh, Stephen Cusack
 
doi: 10.1038/nature20594
 
 
 
 
 
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